Genetic diversity and haplotype structure of 21 Y‐STRs,including nine noncore loci,in South Tunisian Population: Forensic relevance

Y chromosome STRs (Y‐STRs) are being used frequently in forensic laboratories. Previous studies of Y‐STR polymorphisms in different groups of the Tunisian population identified low levels of diversity and discrimination capacity (DC) using various commercial marker sets. This definitely limits the use of such systems for Y‐STRs genotyping in Tunisia. In our investigation on South Tunisia, 200 unrelated males were typed for the 12 conventional Y‐STRs included in the PowerPlex® Y System. Additional set of nine noncore Y‐STRs including DYS446, DYS456, DYS458, DYS388, DYS444, DYS445, DYS449, DYS710, and DYS464 markers were genotyped and evaluated for their potential in improving DC. Allele frequency, gene diversity, haplotype diversity (HD), and DC calculation revealed that DYS464 was the most diverse marker followed by DYS710 and DYS449 markers. The standard panel of 12 Y‐STRs (DC = 80.5%) and the nine markers were combined to obtain DC of 99%. Among the 198 different haplotypes observed, 196 haplotypes were unique (HD = 99.999). Out of the nine noncore set, six Y‐STRs (DYS458, DYS456, DYS449, DYS710, DYS444, and DYS464) had the greatest impact on enhancing DC. Our data provided putative Y‐STRs combination to be used for genetic and forensic applications.     

Copper/Graphene/Clay Nanohybrid: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazolyl Carboacyclic Nucleosides via ‘Click’ Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition

A very mild and highly efficient synthesis of some novel 1H‐1,2,3‐triazolyl carboacyclic nucleosides via a ‘Click’ Huisgen cycloaddition of N‐propargyl nucleobases and azido alcohols using Cu/aminoclay/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid (Cu/AC/r‐GO nanohybrid) as nanocatalyst is described. The preparation and characterization of Cu/AC/r‐GO nanohybrid are discussed. This catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, TEM, and energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐ray techniques. Cu/AC/r‐GO nanohybrid is a stable and highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst that can be easily prepared, used, and restored from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and reused for many consecutive trials without significant decrease in activity.     

Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposite as an Antibacterial Agent

Polyaniline-co-phenylenediamine (PAn/PDA) nanocomposite has been prepared in the aqueous medium using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBSNa) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a surfactant. The tests used in this research to characterize the products were SEM, TEM, FTIR, UV–Visible and TGA for morphology, particle size, chemical structure and stability. The results confirm that the spherical nanocomposites (40–90 nm) were formed with high thermal stability. It is shown in the results that the physicochemical properties of poly(alkyl substituted anilines) are depended on the substituent groups that are bonded to N-position. The prepared nanocomposites were then tested for the antibacterial properties against three pathogenic strains. The antibacterial properties of nanocomposites were investigated by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and bactericidal kinetic methods. The disk diffusion result indicated that the diameter of the inhibition zones of PAn/PDA–HPC nanocomposite was 9, 11, and 10 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus respectively. It was found that the value of MIC of PAn/PDA–HPC nanocomposite against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 2.5, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL respectively. The evaluation results revealed the PAn/PDA–HPC nanocomposite exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.     

On the theta completions for maximal subalgebras

Let L be a finite dimensional Lie algebra. Then for a maximal subalgebra M of L, a 𝜃-completion for M is a subalgebra C of L such that CM and M_L?C and C∕M_L contains no non-zero ideal of L∕M_L, properly. And a 𝜃-completion C of M is said to be a strong 𝜃-completion, if C = L or there exists a subalgebra B of L such that C be maximal in B and B is not a 𝜃-completion for M. These are analogous to the concepts of 𝜃-completion and strong 𝜃-completion of a maximal subgroup of a finite group. Now, we consider the influence of these concepts on the structure of a finite dimensional Lie algebra.     

Ab initio spectroscopic study for the NaRb molecule in ground and excited states

A wide adiabatic study is performed for NaRb molecule, involving 15¹Σ⁺ electronic states including the ionic state Na^?Rb⁺, as well as 14³Σ⁺, 1–9^1,3Π, and 1–5^1,3Δ states. This investigation is performed using an ab initio approach which involves the effective core potential, the core polarization potential with l‐dependent cut‐off functions. The NaRb system has been treated as a two‐electron system and the full valence configuration interaction is easily achieved. The spectroscopic constants R_e, D_e, T_e, ω_e, ω_ex_e, B_e, and D₀ for all these states are derived. We have also computed the vibrational levels as well their spacing for different values of J. In addition, permanent and transition dipole moments are determined and analyzed. The Dunham coefficients have been used to perform experimental spacing to compare directly with our results. The present calculations on NaRb extend previous theoretical works to numerous electronic excited states in the various symmetries. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Synthesis of 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-Cyclohexanone as a New Ketamine Derivative

The main goal of this article is to the present research on the development of ketamine derivatives. The target molecule was a fluoroderivative of ketamine, for which a multistep synthesis has been reported. This novel ketamine derivative, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone, has been called fluoroketamine by our research group. The starting fluorobenzonitrile was reacted with the appropriate Grignard reagent followed by the bromination reaction to obtain α-bromocyclopentyl-(2-fluorophenyl)-ketone. The reaction of the obtained ketone with methylamine at ?40 °C then resulted in the formation of α-hydroxycyclopentyl-(2-flourophenyl)-N-methylamine. Finally, the five-memberd ring cyclopentanol was expanded to the cyclohexylketone by a thermal rearrangement reaction. The HCl salt of the target molecule, which is soluble in water, was obtained by the acidification of the free fluoroketamine with HCl. Preliminary animal tests on mice have shown that the resulting fluoroketamine has some advantages over ketamine in terms of the effective dose and the recovery time.     

Highly efficient synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones and novel spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones under solvent-free conditions

A new, convenient, and high yielding procedure for the synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones by the condensation reaction between dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and ueazoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfonated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SO₃H) as a highly stable and reusable eco-friendly degradable polymeric catalyst is described under solvent-free conditions. This procedure has also been applied successfully for the synthesis of novel spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones.     

Ambient synthesis of spiro[4H-pyran-oxindole] derivatives under [BMIm]BF4 catalysis

A simple and efficient one-pot approach for assembling some fused spiro[4H-pyran-oxindole] heterocycles by means of three-component reactions between isatins, malononitrile or ethyl cyano-acetate, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is reported. The combinatorial syntheses were achieved for the first time without applying extra activation energy at ambient temperature while making use of [BMIm]BF₄ as an ionic liquid catalyst. Good functional group tolerance and broad scope of usable substrates are other prominent features of the present methodology.     

Can stimulated Raman pumping cause large population transfers in isolated molecules?

When stimulated Raman pumping (SRP) is applied to a stream of isolated molecules, such as found in a supersonic molecular beam expansion, we show that SRP can neither saturate nor power broaden a molecular transition connecting two metastable levels that is resonant with the energy difference between the pump and Stokes laser pulses. Using the optical Bloch-Feynman equations, we discuss the pumping of the hydrogen molecule from H(2) (v = 0, J = 0, M = 0) to H(2) (v = 1, J = 2, M = 0) as an illustration of how coherent population return severely reduces the SRP pumping efficiency unless the pump and Stokes laser pulses are applied with an appropriate relative delay and ratio of intensities.