Current and frequency modulation characteristics for continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers at 9.06 μm

We report the characteristics of current induced frequency modulation (FM) for two continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) at 9.06 μm. Both the frequency tuning rate and the phase shift between intensity modulation and FM are measured at different modulation frequencies from 10 Hz to 200 kHz. The frequency tuning rate of the QCLs depends on both the modulation frequency and amplitude. The tested QCL has been used to detect ambient water vapor with wavelength modulation spectroscopy for validation with a numerical model.     

一种改进型多组分气体的Tikhonov正则化特征光谱提取方法

针对FTIR光谱分析数据计算量大,具有相同基团的多组分混合气体交叉灵敏度过高,以及在线分析过程中基线漂移等问题,提出了一种改进的TR2-1(Tikhonov 2norm-1norm)正则化特征变量提取法。该方法借鉴TR1和TR2模型的基本思想,引入谱线距离和谱线系数绝对值最小化两个约束项来保证所提取特征量的准确度,消除基线漂移所带来的影响,并结合上述两种模型建立了不适定问题的最优化求解通式。该通式有效地克服了经验法和实验法确定正则矩阵和参数所带来的误差。实验以浓度为0.01%~20%的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷和异戊烷气体为例进行了特征光谱选取。结果表明,对于浓度为0.2%的甲烷气体,其预测误差平方和仅为2.6×10-4,可决系数达到0.959 2,分析准确度高,有效增强了TR正则法的实用性。     

苦豆子不同生育时期矿质元素分析

应用ICP-AES等技术,研究了苦豆子常量、微量矿质元素含量、各部位吸收比例和不同时期的矿质元素需求量。结果显示:(1)成熟期苦豆子常量矿质元素比约为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P∶Na=11.91∶8.27∶7.54∶1.02∶1.00,微量矿质元素比值约为Fe∶Zn∶B∶Cu∶Mn=28.91∶2.12∶1.40∶1.18∶1.00;(2)各器官矿质元素含量因生育时期存在差异,微量元素在营养期茎中总量最高占全株总量的45.6%,而在成熟期种子中最高占全株总量的36.7%。(3)苦豆子在营养期需肥最多,盛花期次之,盛荚期最少。     

Characteristics of xenon-lamp pumped pyrromethene 567-doped dye laser based on polymethylmethacrylater

The solid-state medium containing pyrromethene 567 (PM567) in a polymethylmethacrylate polymer host is shown to lase under the flash lamp excitation. The experimental setup is an ordinary industrial product without special design. The bulk transmission losses, the output energy, and the other lasing properties are compared. The medium with the lowest transmission loss, measured to be 0.392 %/cm at 633 nm, gives a laser output of 130 mJ with a slope efficiency of 0.082%.     

0.4 THz回旋行波管的设计与模拟

利用三维粒子模拟仿真软件,对共焦波导结构的0.4 THz回旋行波管进行了注波互作用的模拟研究。以共焦波导的冷腔色散以及衍射损耗入手,最终选定HE06模作为互作用工作模式。为了对寄生振荡进行抑制,在互作用结构中引入了截断。在模拟过程中,通过调节束压、束流、工作磁场、电子束横纵速度比,得到了最优的工作参数。最终,在束压34 kV、磁场14.25、束流2 A、横纵速度比0.75的工作参数下,当输入信号为1 W时,得到了最高2.76 kW的功率输出,增益超过34 dB,3 dB带宽为8 GHz,效率达到4%。     

Study on parameters influencing analytical performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Lens-to-sample distances, delay time, atmospheric condition, laser pulse energy, etc. had obvious effects on the analytical performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In this paper, these parameters are investigated in greater detail and we will explain how they have influences on the analytical performance. The results show that the focal plane under the sample surface can improve precision and detection limit, and the delay time should be decided according to sensitivity and accuracy. Spectral line intensity is stronger in argon than helium, nitrogen and air gas environment. Pulse energy should exceed energy threshold (about 50 mJ) which can generate plasma, and the energy should not exceed about 300 mJ to avoid plasma shielding. Under optimum parameters, concentration relative standard deviation of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cr for low-alloyed steel (sample number 11278) which were measured 11 times is 2.37%, 2.18%, 2.23%, 7.8%, 9.34%, 1.92%, and 2.13%, respectively. And the detection limit of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, and Cr for pure steel is 0.0045%, 0.0072%, 0.0069%, 0.0027%, 0.0024%, 0.0047%, and 0.0024%, respectively.     

混合工质扩散吸收制冷系统初步实验研究

本文研究了一种混合工质扩散吸收制冷循环,在带溶液泵的循环实验装置上,以R23/R32/R134a为混合制冷剂,He为扩散气体,DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)为吸收剂,进行了实验研究。结果表明,高压侧混合制冷剂在回热器中进一步被低压侧混合制冷剂冷却,使其在更低的温度下液化并与He扩散蒸发,可以实现较低的蒸发温度。中间沸点组分R32可以改善系统的制冷性能,有利于较低蒸发温度的实现。本文提出的水平蛇形套管换热器用作扩散吸收系统回热器是可行的,但还需进一步改进回热器的结构,提高加工工艺和安装精度。     

晶体硅太阳电池双层电极优化分析与实验研究

相对于单层电极结构,优化的前表面双层电极能够明显减小功率损失,改善晶体硅太阳电池的电学特性．本文对晶体硅太阳电池的双层电极进行了优化分析和实验研究.通过扫描电子显微镜观测将双层电极的截面抽象为更接近于实际的半椭圆型,建立了太阳电池前表面的双层电极模型,理论分析了双层电极的电学损失和光学损失.结合丝网印刷后光诱导电镀太阳电池的实验,得到了理论和实验上的最优化光诱导电镀增厚电极厚度与丝网印刷电极宽度的关系.所得到的理论和实验结果符合良好.由于并不涉及电极制备的具体技术,双层电极理论模型普遍适用于多种类型的双层电极结构.     

应用于ICF实验的软X射线平面镜反射率

在北京同步辐射装置上,通过对应用于惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验的平面镜反射率的进一步研究,提高了辐射温度的测量精度。进行了对软X射线平面镜反射率的测量、反射镜的清洗、反射率的模拟计算,证明影响反射率变化的主要因素是平面镜的安装角度和沾污。实验结果表明:平面镜的沾污主要来源于ICF实验中的油沾污,采用射频辉光放电清洗非常有效。     

Integrated optical devices based on broadband epsilon-near-zero meta-atoms

We verify the feasibility of the proposed theoretical strategy for designing the broadband near-zero permittivity (ENZ) metamaterial at optical frequency range with numerical simulations. In addition, the designed broadband ENZ stack is used as meta-atoms to build functional nanophotonic devices with extraordinary properties, including an ultranarrow electromagnetic energy tunneling channel and an ENZ concave focusing lens.