A one- and two-dimensional generalized Pareto model for a river flow

The main objective of this paper is to find a two-dimensional model for the flow of the Romaine River in Québec, Canada, which could be used to forecast the flow one day after the currently observed flow. The 2D density function proposed must be such that the correlation coefficient between the two variables can be chosen close to 1, since the river flows on two consecutive days are very highly correlated. We find that a generalized Pareto distribution provides a good fit to the data. We then propose 2D versions of this distribution. Finally, a linear combination of two such 2D distributions is used to obtain the required model. In the case of the Romaine River, the model considered works very well. It could be used with or modified for other rivers.     

STM morphology study of ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Received: 10 February 1998     

Highly sensitive measurement of mepindolol in biological fluids using HPLC and electrochemical detection

Summary Mepindolol, a β-blocker agent, has an indolic structure which can undergo oxidation. A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique has been used to measure mepindolol in biological fluids using pindolol as the internal standard. The chromatography has been combined with electrochemical detection (coulometric detector). This method allows the determination of very low amounts of mepindolol with good precision and accuracy, the limit of quantification being 0.6 ng · ml⁻¹.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)propionylglycine and its two metabolites in biological fluids

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)propionylglycine (TTPG) and its two main metabolites, thiophenecarboxylic acid and thiopronine, in biological samples was developed. TTPG and its metabolites were extracted by solvent partition and then determined by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 245, 295 and 360 nm. This procedure was validated in order to allow the assay of these compounds in plasma and urine samples with sufficiently low detection limits (50 ng/ml for TTPG and TCA and 100 ng/ml for thiopronine) and with good linearity within the concentration range investigated. It was applied to a comprehensive pharmacokinetic investigation of TTPG in healthy volunteers.     

含引发机制的Af -Ag型缩聚反应固化理论——高分子矩及平均分子量

讨论了含引发机制的A_f -A_g型缩聚反应体系, 利用该体系数量分布函数, 给出了高分子矩的循环公式. 进一步应用循环公式, 计算了1次、2次、3次高分子矩, 进而得到凝胶点前后的数均分子量、重均分子量和Z-均分子量的明确表达式.     

A_a－B_b型缩聚反应的0－次和1－次回转半径

Ａ_ａ－Ｂ_ｂ型缩聚反应的０－次和１－次回转半径巴信武，李泽生潘守甫（吉林大学理论化学研究所长春，１３００２３）（吉林大学原子与分子物理研究所）关键词缩聚反应，回转半径，差分方法高分子回转半径是表征高分子尺度的重要物理量，Ｄｏｂｓｏｎ和Ｇｏｒｄｏｎ［１...     

Comparison of H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40 heteropolyacids supported on silica by H MAS NMR

The H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacids supported on silica were studied by ¹H MAS NMR as a function of both the coverage and the dehydroxylation temperature. The signal at ca. 8 ppm attributed to the highly acidic protons of the anhydrous form of the heteropolyacid was never observed in the case of the phosphotungstic polyanion supported on silica while it was clearly present in the case of the silicotungstic species. These results explain the different activities of the two supported heteropolyacids in acid reactions involving strong acid sites. To cite this article: A. Thomas et al., C. R. Chimie 8 (2005).     

Organotin-oxometalate coordination polymer catalyzed oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes

The organotin-oxometalate coordination polymers [(nBu₃Sn)₂MO₄]·nH₂O (where, M = Mo or W) were prepared by the interaction of nBu₃SnCl with sodium salts of molybdate or tungstate and tested in oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes with urea hydroperoxide (UHP) as an oxidizing agent. The oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes gave commercially important products such as epoxides, ketones and hydroxyl derivatives. Among the two catalyst, organotin-oxomolybdate [(nBu₃Sn)₂MoO₄] showed higher activities and epoxide selectivities under selected liquid phase oxyfunctionalization conditions with most of the monoterpenes such as limonene, -pinene, β-pinene, carene, camphene, gerniol and linalool. The integrity of the organotin-oxometalates polymers were confirmed by X-ray diffraction BET surface area, FT-IR, FT-Raman, SEM, TG/DTA and MAS NMR (¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) analysis. The effects of reaction parameters on limonene conversions and product selectivities have been studied in detail using [(nBu₃Sn)₂MoO₄] catalyst. There was no leaching of the active catalyst into the reaction medium and catalyst was recyclable without loss in its activity in the oxidation reaction.     

The interference in the decay of two ½ spins in a molecular medium,studied by the Nakajima–Zwanzig technique

This paper studies the decay, due to the spin-lattice coupling, of two ½ spins with slightly different Zeeman energies when the lattice is thermally excited. The analysis is based on obtaining, by means of the Nakajima–Zwanzig projection operator technique, an equation for the evolution of the reduced density operator of the spin system which manifests the influence of one spin on the relaxation process of the other. The zero-order solutions obtained for the evolution of the expectation values of the spin dynamics operators are essentially equivalent to the Bloch equations; higher order solutions are also obtained.     

Substitution directe de l'azote N-9 de la théophylline

In alkaline medium, 8-(2-chloroethyl)aminotheophylline (1) cyclizes into two imidazopurines: the imidazo[1,2-e]purine (2A) (cyclization on 9-N) and the imidazo[2,1-f]purine (2B) (cyclization on 7-N). The structure of each compound was determined by an unambiguous synthesis and confirmed by spectrographic methods. Synthesis of one pyrrlo[2,1-f]purine, a novel heterocycle, is described.