Critical current measurement on Y-Ba-Cu-O

We report critical current measurements on sintered Y_0.35Ba_0.65CuO_y. The sample, in the perovskite phase, shows zero resistance at 87 K. The critical current transition is seen, in zero field and at 77 K, at a current densityJ _c of 50 A/cm².     

Three model-free methods for calculation of activation energy in TG

Two well-known isoconversion methods, the first one developed by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and the second one developed by Friedman, are confronted with calculations made using modulated thermogravimetry (MTG). The latter variant is free from a number of assumptions and restrictions made in the isoconversion computations. In particular, it allows the use of a single decomposition curve and it remains in force even in the case of multistage decomposition with conjugated processes.To obtain the model-fitting methods from the model-free methods one should replace some functions averaged over isoconversion levels by the functions calculated on the basis of kinetic models. In the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method it is the averaged reduced time (integral of Arrhenius exponential over time). In the method of Friedman it is the averaged differential conversion function.In MTG, the perturbations caused by the sinusoidal temperature modulation are connected with derivatives of mass loss by simple scaling, where activation energy plays a role of a scaling parameter. The ratio of the experimentally measured perturbations to the experimental derivative is used for the model-free computation of activation energy. If a theoretical derivative replaces the experimental one, this procedure leads to the model-fitting method. Even a rough approximation of the experimental derivative should not lead to an excessive error in activation energy. If in a vicinity of peaks maxima in derivatives of mass loss the decomposition is controlled by single rate-limiting processes, modulated thermogravimetry should give realistic activation energies for these processes. Inasmuch as the results of MTG are weakly sensitive to selection of kinetic models, this method should have a high predictive force.     

Production of a keV x-ray beam from synchrotron radiation in relativistic laser-plasma interaction

We demonstrate that a beam of x-ray radiation can be generated by simply focusing a single high-intensity laser pulse into a gas jet. A millimeter-scale laser-produced plasma creates, accelerates, and wiggles an ultrashort and relativistic electron bunch. As they propagate in the ion channel produced in the wake of the laser pulse, the accelerated electrons undergo betatron oscillations, generating a femtosecond pulse of synchrotron radiation, which has keV energy and lies within a narrow (50 mrad) cone angle.     

Mid-infrared high-resolution absorption spectroscopy by use of a semimonolithic entangled-cavity optical parametric oscillator

By recording low-pressure absorption lines of N2O around 3.9 microm, we fully qualify a pulsed entangled-cavity doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator as a power tool for high-resolution spectroscopy. This compact source runs at a high repetition rate (>10 kHz) with a low threshold of oscillation (<8 microJ), is mode-hop-free tunable over 5 cm(-1), and displays single-frequency Fourier-transformed-limited operation (linewidth <0.005 cm(-1)). A high potential for nonlinear spectroscopy is also expected given the high peak power (70 W) and the good quality (M2 < 2) of the output beam.     

硅单晶中铜沉淀物的几何形态

本文利用红外显微镜和化学浸蚀的方法,研究了硅单晶中铜沉淀物的几何形态。实验表明,用红外显微镜观察到的各种形态的沉淀物是由{110}面上的片状沉淀组成的,样品的性质对它的形态没有影响。 关键词：     

静态培养条件对光合细菌产氢行为的影响

光合细菌能利用多种有机底物,在光能的驱动下产生氢气,获得清洁能源氢气,但其产氢行为受许多外在因素的影响,特别是外界培养条件和培养基成分.实验分别保持其它条件不变,研究了培养基中Ni2 、Zn2 、Fe2 浓度、在底物和氮源浓度分别确定条件下,不同C/N值以及培养温度、光照度、培养基pH值等培养条件对光合细菌产氢行为的影响,分别得到了在该条件下的最大产氢量.     

Entangled-cavity optical parametric oscillator for mid-infrared pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation

We report a pulsed doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator that uses an original entangled-cavity geometry. This compact source (total volume of 1 L, including the pump laser) displays single-frequency operation (linewidth, <100 MHz), a high repetition rate (>10 kHz), low threshold (<10 muJ), and wide tuning in the mid-infrared. These properties qualify pulsed doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators as powerful tools for applications in such fields as nonlinear spectroscopy, lidar, and pollutant detection.     

Consecutive Ring Expansion and Contraction for the Synthesis of 1‐Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydrobenzazepines from Readily Available Heterocyclic Precursors

Tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydrobenzazepines were prepared by acid‐promoted ring contraction of cyclic ureas, which were themselves formed by ring expansion of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines. The consequent overall one‐carbon insertion reaction gives these 6‐ and 7‐membered heterocyclic scaffolds in three steps from readily available precursors. Other ring sizes may be formed by an alternative elimination reaction of bicyclic structures. Scalability of the method was demonstrated by operating it in a flow system.     

新疆圆柏果实挥发油化学成份的研究

新疆圆柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant)为柏科园柏属植物,又名叉子圆柏。主要分布于新疆、内蒙古、宁夏和青海。在新疆北部广大地区均有生长,自然资源非常丰富。民间用于引产、镇静、安神,健胃消肿、活血止痛。其果实挥发油清香宜人,且香气浓郁持久,微具药味,可广泛用作医药保健和日用化学工业原料。但是这一资源至今尚未得到充分的利用。为了开拓它的应用价值,我们对其挥发油化学成份进行了研究。