Evaluation of interfacial toughness curve of bimaterial in submicron scale

A novel method combining the experimental data at only two different mixed mode fractures and an empirical interface toughness function has been proposed to establish the interfacial toughness function of a bimaterial in submicron scale. The modified four-point bend specimen was used in experiment to evaluate the first type of mixed mode fracture, while the sandwiched cantilever specimen was employed to get the second one. An empirical interface toughness function reflecting quite accurately the delamination behavior was adopted as a typical one. The obtained results investigated that the proposed method could be used to calibrate not only the interfacial fracture criteria at pure modes but also at any mixed mode fracture of bimaterials in submicron scale.     

ℋ︁‐LU factorization in preconditioners for augmented Lagrangian and grad‐div stabilized saddle point systems

The (mixed finite element) discretization of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations leads to a linear system of equations of saddle point type. The iterative solution of this linear system requires the construction of suitable preconditioners, especially in the case of high Reynolds numbers. In the past, a stabilizing approach has been suggested which does not change the exact solution but influences the accuracy of the discrete solution as well as the effectiveness of iterative solvers. This stabilization technique can be performed on the continuous side before the discretization, where it is known as ‘grad‐div’ (GD) stabilization, as well as on the discrete side where it is known as an ‘augmented Lagrangian’ (AL) technique (and does not change the discrete solution). In this paper, we study the applicability of ??‐LU factorizations to solve the arising subproblems in the different variants of stabilized saddle point systems. We consider both the saddle point systems that arise from the stabilization in the continuous as well as on the discrete setting. Recently, a modified AL preconditioner has been proposed for the system resulting from the discrete stabilization. We provide a straightforward generalization of this approach to the GD stabilization. We conclude the paper with numerical tests for a variety of problems to illustrate the behavior of the considered preconditioners as well as the suitability of ??‐LU factorization in the preconditioners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uncertainty quantification in a chemical system using error estimate-based mesh adaption

This paper describes a rigorous a posteriori error analysis for the stochastic solution of non-linear uncertain chemical models. The dual-based a posteriori stochastic error analysis extends the methodology developed in the deterministic finite elements context to stochastic discretization frameworks. It requires the resolution of two additional (dual) problems to yield the local error estimate. The stochastic error estimate can then be used to adapt the stochastic discretization. Different anisotropic refinement strategies are proposed, leading to a cost-efficient tool suitable for multi-dimensional problems of moderate stochastic dimension. The adaptive strategies allow both for refinement and coarsening of the stochastic discretization, as needed to satisfy a prescribed error tolerance. The adaptive strategies were successfully tested on a model for the hydrogen oxidation in supercritical conditions having 8 random parameters. The proposed methodologies are however general enough to be also applicable for a wide class of models such as uncertain fluid flows.     

一种多源空间数据统一访问模型的实现

空间数据通常以栅格与矢量两种数据模型进行表达,但由于各自的不同特性,一般采用不同的访问方式.如何采用一致的方式进行多源空间数据访问是当前空间数据共享和互操作的难点之一.基于OGC SFS规范,从实现层次上考虑提出按几何与属性要素组织为几何-属性矢量数据模型（GAFeature model）,同时融入了扩展栅格数据模型,通过借鉴设计模式中的提供者模式和桥接模式,提供了一个较为完整的矢量栅格一体化访问管理模型,并进行了实现,使其能支持本地文件类型数据以及WCS、WFS空间信息服务.实验结果表明具备多源空间数据统一访问的能力.     

Unexpected formation of dinaphthoaza-17-crown-5 ether containing γ-aminopiperidine subunit

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Physics and chemistry of silicene nano-ribbons

We review our recent discovery of silicene in the form of silicon nano-ribbons epitaxially grown on silver (1 1 0) or (1 0 0) surfaces, which paves the way for the growth of graphene-like sheets. We further draw some perspectives for this unique novel material upon mild hydrogenation.     

COMPORTEMENT COMPARE DE L'EPICHLORHYDRINE,DE L'EPIBROMHYDRINE ET DE LEURS HOMOLOGUES VIS A VIS DU METHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE

Abstract

Condensation of methylenetriphenylphosphorane with epihalohydrines (X = Cl or Br) leads to 2,2-dihydro-2,2,2,-triphenyl-3,4-methano-1,2-oxaphospholane. The first step of this reaction depends on the nature of the halogene: a) attack on the epoxide group with X = Cl; b) attack on the halogenated function when X = Br. With 1-halogeno 2,3-epoxy butanes the reaction occurs according to b) and gives 2,2-dihydro-2,2,2-triphenyl-3,4-methano-5-methyl-1,2-oxaphospholane.