PHOTO-OXIDATION OF LYSOZYME IN THE PRESENCE OF METHYLENE BLUE: A PROBABLE MECHANISM

Abstract— In order to elucidate the mechanism of the photo-oxidation of lysozyme sensitized by methylene blue this enzyme was oxidized by singlet oxygen generated by a high–frequency discharge in gaseous oxygen. The action of singlet oxygen on lysozyme gives products identical with those obtained upon dye-sensitized oxidation with respect to their affinity to chitin, their amino acid content, their UV spectra and their enzymic activity. It is concluded that photo-oxidation of lysozyme in the presence of methylene blue proceeds according to the singlet-oxygen mechanism.     

Anisotropic ellipsoidal inclusion with an anisotropic shell in an isotropic medium subjected to a uniform electric field

An electrostatic problem has been solved for a dielectric inclusion that consists of an anisotropic core and an anisotropic shell. The inclusion is immersed in a uniform isotropic medium (matrix) subjected to a uniform electric field. It is assumed that the outer boundaries of the core and shell are ellipsoidal and become confocal after a linear nonorthogonal transformation that removes the anisotropy of the dielectric properties of the shell. Analytical expressions have been derived for the potential and strength of the electric field in the matrix and also in the shell and core of the inclusion, and an expression for the polarizability tensor of the inclusion has been deduced. It has been shown that the results agree with the well-known solutions in partial (limiting) cases.     

Templating Irreversible Covalent Macrocyclization by Using Anions

Inorganic anions were used as templates in the reaction between a diamine and an activated diacid to form macrocyclic amides. The reaction conditions were found to perform the macrocyclization sufficiently slow to observe a template effect. A number of analytical methods were used to clarify the reaction mechanisms and to show that the structure of the intermediate plays a decisive role in determining the product distribution. For the macrocyclization under kinetic control, it was shown that the amount of a template, the conformational rigidity of building blocks, and the anion affinities of reaction components and intermediates are important parameters that one should take into consideration to achieve high yields.     

Copolymerization of N-vinylsuccinimide with butyl acrylate in an electron-donor medium of tertiary aminese

The effect of electron-donor solvents on the parameters of the NMR signals of vinyl protons in N-vinylsuccinimide and butyl acrylate was examined. The kinetics of copolymerization of N-vinylsuccinimide with butyl acrylate in triethylamine and tributylamine was studied by monitoring the running concentrations of the monomers in the course of the reaction. The copolymerization constants were calculated. The diad and triad composition of the copolymers formed in the medium of tertiary amines was predicted, and their microstructural nonuniformity was evaluated.     

Electron transfer and ligand addition to atomic mercury cations in the gas phase: kinetic and equilibrium studies at 295 k

Results are reported for experimental measurements of the room-temperature chemical reactions between ground-state Hg*+ ions and 16 important environmental and biological gases: SF6, CO, CO2, N2O, D2O, CH4, CH3F, O2, CH3Cl, OCS, CS2, NH3, C6F6, NO2, NO*, and C6H6. The inductively coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube tandem mass spectrometer used for these measurements has provided both rate and equilibrium constants. Efficient electron transfer (>19%) is observed with CS2, NH3, C6F6, NO2, NO*, and C6H6, molecular addition occurs with D2O, CH4, CH3F, CH3Cl, and OCS, and SF6, CO, CO2, N2O, and O2 showed no measurable reactivity with Hg*+. Theory is used to explore the stabilities and structures of both the observed and unobserved molecular adducts of Hg*+, and reasonable agreement is obtained with experimental observations, given the uncertainties of the theory and experiments. A correlation is reported between the Hg*+ and proton affinities of the ligands investigated. Solvation of Hg*+ with formic acid was observed to increase the rate of electron transfer from NO* by more than 20%.     

Choice of turbulence model for calculating gas dynamic CO2 lasers with selective thermal excitation

Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 163–168, Septebmar–October, 1990.     

Geoacoustic monitoring as a means for investigating the state of the lithosphere and for earthquake forecasting

The existing approach to mitigating earthquakes and other catastrophic geological processes stipulates the determination of the site, time, and strength of the anticipated event. However, the disastrous earthquakes of recent years clearly demonstrate that even the most advanced systems of monitoring and warning for seismic and other geological hazards are insufficiently effective. However, by adding the monitoring of the Earth’s acoustic field to the existing systems of observation of so-called precursors and by restricting the observations to a certain region (thus excluding the task of determining the site), it is possible to provide a more adequate forecast of earthquakes and other catastrophic geological processes in this particular region.     

Regularization using the generalized zeta function in the proper-time method

We propose regularization with the generalized zeta function in order to calculate one-loop corrections to the original action in quantum field theory. The Schwinger proper-time formalism is used to define the zeta function. The method is illustrated by calculation of the one-loop corrections to the Maxwell Lagrangian in QED with anomalous moments.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 78–83, November, 1987.