钒钼磷杂多酸催化苯直接羟化为苯酚的动力学研究

以钒钼磷杂多酸作为催化剂,用紫外可见分光光度法研究了过氧化氢直接将苯氧化羟基化为苯酚反应的动力学行为。结果表明,该氧化羟化反应速率对底物苯、氧化剂和催化剂都是一级反应,反应的活化能为57.73kJ.mol-1。本文推测了杂多酸配合物催化苯氧化羟化为苯酚反应的过程,建立了该反应动力学数学模型,模型很好地解释了实验结果。     

湿混法制备甲醇氧化重整制氢CuZnAlZr催化剂

用简易湿混法制备了用于甲醇氧化重整制氢的CuZnAlZr催化剂,与共沉淀法制备的催化剂比较,结果表明,湿混法制备的催化剂具有相当的中高温活性和略低的低温活性,有较高的CO2选择性。XRD、TPR、TG-DSC等表征结果显示,湿混法制备的催化剂中铜组分易于向表面迁移和富集,并可能与氧化铝作用生成铜铝复合氧化物,具有了更高的Cu分散度和Cu0比表面浓度。湿混法制备的催化剂对甲醇氧化重整反应有较好的稳定性,经100 h的连续反应,在275 ℃时甲醇转化率在90％以上,重整气中氢气体积分数大于60％,CO2选择性接近99％。     

液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法测定鸡肉中17种磺胺类药物的残留

建立了鸡肉中17种磺胺类药物残留量的液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱测定方法。以稳定同位素13C6-磺胺二甲基嘧啶作为内标,采用多反应监测定量。样品经过匀浆、乙腈提取、正己烷脱脂、硅胶柱净化后进行液相色谱-质谱分析。采用Capcell Pak C8DD色谱柱,以均含0.2%甲酸的水和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。方法检出限为0.02~1 μg/kg,17种磺胺类药物的加标回收率为52.3%~124.9%（添加水平为1,5,10　μg/kg),相对标准偏差为1.0%~17.6%。     

个旧超大型锡多金属矿稀土元素地球化学特征

对比研究了个旧不同类型岩(矿)石(蚀变花岗岩、钙质泥岩、大理岩、矽卡岩矿石、层状矿石和脉状矿石)的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征,借以示踪不同类型矿床的成矿物质来源。研究表明不同类型矿石中的稀土元素配分曲线较为相似,成矿物质具有同源性,并与本区的花岗岩具有一定的成因联系。由于其成矿方式的不同,不同类型矿石中的稀土元素特征和矿物组合特征略有差异,脉状矿石和层状矿石中稀土含量相对较少且富集轻稀土,而矽卡岩矿石中稀土含量相对较多且轻、重稀土的含量变化较大。     

1-环丙基-6-氟-7-(4-酰基-1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸的合成及其抗菌活性研究

以1-环丙基-6-氟-7-氯-1, 4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸为原料经过两步反应合成出了16个新的1-环丙基-6-氟-7-(4-酰基-1-哌嗪基)-1, 4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸, 并利用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS谱及元素分析对其结构进行了表征. 初步体外抗菌活性研究表明, 大部分目标化合物对大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性, MIC值在0.312～20 g/mL之间, 但活性低于对照物环丙沙星和氧氟沙星; 目标化合物对绿脓杆菌无抑菌活性, 最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均大于20 g/mL.     

Sm2Fe17合金的氢化-歧化过程演化

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDX)等手段重点研究了Sm2Fe17合金在氢化-歧化过程中的相组成、相的变化以及微观结构的演化规律。研究表明：在0．1MPa的H2气氛下，Sm2Fe17合金首先吸氢；400℃时合金出现部分脱氢现象；在T≥500℃逐渐开始歧化为SmHx和α—Fe，同时生成了大量的微晶或非晶组织；随着温度的升高，合金中的微晶非晶逐渐晶化，750℃时晶化完全，晶粒长大至20～100nm。通过对Sm2Fe17合金的氢化一歧化过程研究，建立了该过程的微观结构变化规律的物理模型。     

Octyl-type monolithic columns of 530 microm i.d. for capillary liquid chromatography

A novel monolithic capillary column (530 microm i.d.) was prepared for capillary liquid chromatography (CLC) by in situ copolymerization of octyl methacrylate (MAOE) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of a porogen solvent containing 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol, and water with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The influences of the contents of the porogen solvent, EDMA and the various concentration ratios of 1-propanol to 1,4-butanediol in the polymerization mixture on the morphology, porosity, globule size, stability and column efficiency were investigated. The morphology and pore size distribution of monolithic capillary columns were characterized by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry, respectively. Chromatographic evaluations of the columns were performed under CLC mode. The results showed that good permeability and stability can be obtained under optimal experimental conditions. The separation results of some acid, neutral and basic analytes demonstrated the hydrophobicity and low affinity to basic analytes of the new column. Three metal ions, i.e. Mg(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were also separated under ion-pair mode on the new monolithic capillary column and the results were acceptable.     

Virtual screening of novel noncovalent inhibitors for SARS-CoV 3C-like proteinase

The SARS coronavirus 3C-like proteinase is considered as a potential drug design target for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Owing to the lack of available drugs for the treatment of SARS, the discovery of inhibitors for SARS coronavirus 3C-like proteinase that can potentially be optimized as drugs appears to be highly desirable. We have built a "flexible" three-dimensional model for SARS 3C-like proteinase by homology modeling and multicanonical molecular dynamics method and used the model for virtual screening of chemical databases. After Dock procedures, strategies including pharmocophore model, consensus scoring, and "drug-like" filters were applied in order to accelerate the process and improve the success rate of virtual docking screening hit lists. Forty compounds were purchased and tested by HPLC and colorimetric assay against SARS 3C-like proteinase. Three of them including calmidazolium, a well-known antagonist of calmodulin, were found to inhibit the enzyme with an apparent K(i) from 61 to 178 microM. These active compounds and their binding modes provide useful information for understanding the binding sites and for further selective drug design against SARS and other coronavirus.     

CuZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂上甲醇水蒸气重整制氢Ⅰ. 催化剂焙烧温度的影响

 以类层柱CuZnAl水滑石为前体,经不同温度焙烧制备了一系列甲醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂. 在250 ℃、 水/甲醇比1.3和重时空速2.5 h-1下的反应结果表明, 600 ℃焙烧的催化剂具有优异的活性和稳定性,而≤500 ℃和≥700 ℃焙烧后的催化剂活性较差. 热重、 X射线衍射、 傅里叶变换红外光谱和程序升温还原分析结果表明, 600 ℃焙烧时水滑石分解较为完全,析出纳米CuO粒子的同时伴生CuAl2O4尖晶石相,进而在反应过程中对金属Cu纳米粒子和ZnO起到良好的隔离和稳定作用. 焙烧温度≥700 ℃时CuO纳米粒子发生二次团聚,同时CuAl2O4尖晶石相大量生成,造成催化活性位减少,活性较低; 而焙烧温度≤500 ℃时水滑石分解不完全,生成 (Cu,Zn)AlxOy(CO3)z复合物且无尖晶石相伴生,造成反应中金属Cu纳米粒子和ZnO聚集,导致催化剂活性较低.     

焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂NO还原活性的影响

用浸渍法制备了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂和CeO2改性的CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响,以及CeO2的添加量对CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响。结果表明,在200 ℃～500 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；在500 ℃～800 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,随着焙烧温度的升高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性急剧下降,由XRD物相测定结果可知,归因于对反应表现惰性的尖晶石CuAl2O4相的生成。当焙烧温度为500 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；当焙烧温度为800 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂有明显的助催化作用,当Ce和Cu的摩尔比为1∶10时,NO转化率较为理想。