DFT study on the structural and electronic properties of Pt-doped boron nitride nanotubes

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory were carried out to investigate the structural and electronic properties of Pt substitution-doped boron nitride (BN) nanotubes. The electronic and structural properties were studied for substituted Pt in the boron and the nitrogen sites of the (BN) nanotube. The band gap significantly diminishes to 2.095 eV for Pt doping at the B site while the band gap diminishes to 2.231 eV for Pt doping at the N site. The band density increases in both the valence band and the conduction band after doping. The effects of the hardness and softness group 17 (halogen elements) were calculated by density functional theory (DFT).     

Abzyme generation using an anti-idiotypic antibody as the “internal image” of an enzyme active site

Since the two reports published in 1986 by the laboratories of R. Lerner and P. G. Schultz, it has been clearly established that antibodies may be induced to act as catalysts in numerous chemical reactions. In all cases, catalytic antibodies were elicited using a substratebased approach. In the present article, we propose an alternative and complementary enzyme-based approach to generate catalytic antibodies. This approach uses the properties of anti-idiotypic antibodies to generate internal images of enzyme active sites. Experimental results are discussed for polyclonal and monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies.