基于发展化学核心素养的概念教学——以“认识溶液”为例

化学概念不仅是基础知识的组成部分,还承载着发展学生思维能力的功能。以初中化学教学“认识溶液”为例,根据学情和教学内容整合了丰富的实验、媒体、社会等素材,从宏观到微观,从证据到推理,从科学精神到社会责任,促进了学生学科思维和意识的协同发展,获得良好的教学效果。     

案例教学与翻转学习结合提升物理化学教学质量

结合我校应用型人才培养方案和培养目标,通过改革物理化学课堂教学提高学生知识掌握能力和应用能力。在传统课堂的基础上,将案例教学结合在翻转学习的教学过程中,充分提高学生的学习积极性与主动性。以稀溶液的依数性为教学案例,阐述翻转学习与案例教学的实施过程。学生深度参与课堂、融入课堂并互动,师生之间在教学中达到共鸣,实现教学相长,从而提高物理化学教学质量。     

C5a受体拮抗剂W-54011的合成

以7-甲氧基-1-萘满酮为原料,经Wittig反应、去甲基化、烯醇互变和Jones氧化反应等制得关键中间体7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘-1-羧酸(4); 4-异丙基苯胺和4-(二甲基胺基)苯甲醛经过还原胺化反应得(E)-4-{[(4-异丙基苯基)亚胺基]甲基}-N,N-二甲基苯胺(6); 4转化为相应的酰氯后与6反应合成N-[4-(二甲基氨基)苄基]-N-(4-异丙基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘-1-甲酰胺(W-54011),总收率24%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI）表征。      

硫代核苷类似物合成研究进展

4′-硫代核苷类似物是核糖环中的氧原子被硫原子取代的核苷类似物。许多硫代核苷具有良好的抗病毒和抗肿瘤活性。4′-硫代核苷具有更稳定的糖基键和针对各种病毒或细胞酶的代谢稳定性的提升等固有优点。因此,对硫代核苷类似物的设计与合成,筛选出安全有效的抗病毒试剂应受到更多药物化学家们的关注,本文综述了近年来硫代核苷的合成研究进展。     

Comparison of Two Rhodamine-Polyamine Polystyrene Solid-phase Fluorescence Sensors for Hg(II) Detection Based on Theoretical Calculation

Two novel rhodamine-based polystyrene solid-phase fluorescence sensors PS-PA-I and PS-PA-II with different lengths of polyamines were synthesized for Hg(II) determination. The detection mechanism involving the Hg(II) chelation-induced spirocycle open of rhodamine was proposed with the aid of theoretical calculation. The stronger N-Hg bond and the longer polyamine chain in PS-PA-II led to a better selectivity, much higher and more quickly fluorescence response to Hg(II).     

Towards Artificial Cells: Engineering Encapsulated Molecular Signaling with Intelligent DNA Nanomachines

The building and engineering of an artificial molecular signaling system in encapsulated vesicles is a key step towards artificial cells. Recently, Tan et al. reached a new milestone by integrating an intelligent DNA nano- gatekeeper with an artificial vesicle system. The DNA nanogatekeeper driven by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) is able to receive outside stimulus, which in turn switches the diffusion of environmental ions into the integrated vesicle. Most importantly, this system enables triggering downstream signaling cascaded reactions confined in the artificial vesicle, as well as returning feedback to the DNA nanogatekeeper, mimicking real cellular behaviors of reception, transduction and response. This work has been published online in Nature Communications aon February 20, 2020.     

Tuning the mechanical properties and degradation properties of polydioxanone isothermal annealing

Polydioxanone (PPDO) is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of p-dioxanone, using stannous octoate as the catalyst. The polarized optical micrograph (POM) shows thes pherulite growth rate of PPDO decreases with an increase in the isothermal crystallization temperature. PPDO is compression-molded into bars, and PPDO bars are subjected to isothermal annealing at a range of temperatures (Ta = 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C), and correspond to three different annealing times (ta = 1h, 2h, 3h). The effect on PPDO is investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With an increase in Ta and ta, the grain size and the degree of crystallinity also increase. Meanwhile, the tensile strength is significantly improved. The PPDO bars (90 °C, 2 h) reach the maximum crystallinity (57.21%) and the maximum tensile strength (41.1 MPa). Interestingly, the heat treatment process does not result in serious thermal degradation. It is observed that the hydrolytic degradation of the annealed PPDO is delayed to some extent. Thus, annealed PPDO might have potential applications, particularly in the fields of orthopedic fixation and tissue engineering.     

基于支座反力影响线曲率差分的等截面连续梁损伤识别方法

为了实现仅采用损伤状态信息对等截面连续梁进行损伤识别,通过推导三跨不等跨连续梁在移动荷载作用下的支座反力影响线,发现支座反力影响线求曲率并作差分后的曲线在损伤位置会发生突变,基于该现象提出了一种损伤定位方法,进一步建立了损伤程度计算方法,可对损伤程度进行较精确的定量。通过一三跨连续梁和一四跨连续梁工程实例的仿真分析,证明了支座反力影响线曲率差分指标损伤定位和相应的损伤程度定量方法对等截面连续梁损伤识别具有可行性。     

液相苯与稀乙烯变相催化分离生成乙苯的化学平衡、物料平衡和热量平衡计算

 提出了液相苯和稀乙烯变相催化分离制乙苯的反应示意图,对该烷基化反应部分的化学平衡、物料平衡和热量平衡进行了计算. 在温度185 ℃, 压力2.0 MPa, 乙烯1 mol/h, 氮4 mol/h, 新鲜苯3 mol/h的条件下, 烷基化反应后的绝热温升为175.6 ℃. 计算的温升、乙烯转化率和乙苯选择性结果与实验结果基本相符. 从反应段上部补充的35 ℃的新鲜苯与反应段流出的202.6 ℃气体进行热交换后,体系温度达到185.9 ℃, 稍高于反应温度(185 ℃). 但从反应段下部进入的35 ℃的稀乙烯与反应段流出的202.6 ℃的液体混合进行热交换时,由于稀乙烯使液体产物汽化,导致体系温度大幅度降低,平衡时体系温度仅为153.5 ℃, 远低于所要求的反应温度. 计算结果表明,需给体系提供91.5 kJ的热,或者将稀乙烯加热至523 ℃, 混合后体系平衡温度才能达到185 ℃.     

Markov链在教育测量中的应用

将“问题解决”的分析、建模、求解和检验四个阶段作为随机过程的状态得到一Markov链.利用有关随机过程的知识对Markov链进行分类和求解.由此,对学生解决问题的能力进行测量,得到了一些合理结果.