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991.
Proteins are continuously synthesized during cell growth and proliferation. At the same time, excessive and misfolded proteins have to be degraded, otherwise they are a burden to cells. Protein degradation is essential to maintain proteostasis in cells, and dysfunction of protein degradation systems results in numerous diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the importance of protein degradation, the degradation pathways of many proteins remain to be explored. Here, we comprehensively investigated the degradation of newly synthesized proteins in human cells by integrating metabolic labeling, click chemistry, and multiplexed proteomics, and systematic and quantitative analysis of newly synthesized proteins first revealed the degradation pathways of many proteins. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates that proteins degraded through two major pathways have distinct properties and functions. Proteins degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway contain more disordered structures, whereas those through the autophagy-lysosome pathway have significantly higher hydrophobicity. Systematic and quantitative investigation of the dynamics of newly synthesized proteins provides unprecedented and valuable information about protein degradation, which leads to a better understanding of protein properties and cellular activities.Systematic quantification of the dynamics of newly synthesized proteins first reveals the degradation pathways of many proteins in human cells, and proteins degraded through each of the two major pathways have distinct properties and functions. 相似文献
992.
研究了废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt,Pd的ICP-AES测定新方法。以王水溶解样品,在HCl(5 95)介质中,用工作曲线法对废Al2O3基催化剂中的Pt,Pd直接进行测定,不需进行基体匹配。方法的检出限分别为:Pt 0.1μg/mL,P 0.045μg/mL;样品的加标回收率为Pt 95.2%-105.5%,Pd 95.3%-100.6%;RSD(n=6)均<9%。 相似文献
993.
994.
On the Criteria of Instability for Electrochemical Systems 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Both cyclic-voltammetry-based and impedance-based experimental criteria that have been developed recently for the oscillatory electrochemical systems are critically appraised with two typical categories of oscillators.Consistent conclusions can be drawn by the two criteria for the category of oscillators that involve the coupling of charge transfer mainly with surface steps(e.g.ad-and desorption)such as in the electrooxidation of C1 organic molecules.Whereas,impedance-based criterion is not applicable to the category of oscillators that involve the coupling of charge transfer mainly with mass transfer(e.g.diffusion and convection) such as in the Fe(CN)6^3- reduction accompanying periodic hydrogen evolution.The reason is that the negative impedance cannot include the feedback information of convection mass transfer induced by the hydrogen evolution.However,both positive and negative nonlinear feedbacks,i.e., the diffusion-limited depletion and convection-enhanced replenishment of the Fe(CN)6^3- surface concentration,that coexist between the bistability,i.e.,Fe(CN)6^3- reduction with and without hydrogen evolution at lower and higher potential sides respectively,are all reflected in the crossed cyclic voltammogram(CCV).It can be concluded that the voltammetry-based criterion(in time domain)is more intuitive,less time-consuming and has a wider range of applications than the impedancebased one (in frequency domain). 相似文献
995.
冻干保护剂溶液低温退火特性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了10%叔丁醇/10%蔗糖/水溶液的冻结特性, 退火温度及退火时间, 分析了溶液的退火行为. 实验结果表明, 溶液降温时, 蔗糖的存在阻碍了叔丁醇析出, 最大冻结浓缩溶液玻璃化转变温度Tg′由-32.5 ℃降低到-42.0 ℃, 升温时在-30 ℃叔丁醇发生反玻璃化. 在反玻璃化峰附近的温度进行退火可使叔丁醇充分析出, Tg′由-42.0 ℃上升到-34.9 ℃. 所需的退火时间与退火温度有关, 退火温度越接近Tg′, 所需的退火时间越长. 在-37 ℃时, 退火20 min可完全消除反玻璃化. 相似文献
996.
为研究四川省重点河段水环境的安全性,利用综合评价指数法和模糊综合评价决策的数学模型对主要水系干流和支流河段的水质安全性做出了评价.结果显示,岷江流域的水质安全性较差,主要的污染物为重金属汞和铁,沱江和涪江流域的水质安全性较好. 相似文献
997.
Redl FX Black CT Papaefthymiou GC Sandstrom RL Yin M Zeng H Murray CB O'Brien SP 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(44):14583-14599
We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of nonstoichiometric iron oxide nanocrystals prepared by decomposition of iron(II) and iron(0) precursors in the presence of organic solvents and capping groups. The highly uniform, crystalline, and monodisperse nanocrystals that were produced enabled a full structural and compositional survey by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The complex and metastable behavior of nonstoichiometric iron oxide (wüstite) at the nanoscale was studied by a combination of Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic characterization. Deposition from hydrocarbon solvents with subsequent self-assembly of iron oxide nanocrystals into superlattices allowed the preparation of continuous thin films suitable for electronic transport measurements. 相似文献
998.
三种非甾体类抗炎药与脂质体的相互作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以卵磷脂脂质体为生物膜模型, 分别采用二阶导数吸收光谱法和以1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸铵(ANS)为探针的荧光光谱法, 研究了三种丙二酸类非甾体抗炎药吲哚美辛、舒林酸和托美丁与脂质体的相互作用. 药物的二阶导数吸收谱成沟槽型,在脂质体中沟槽变浅, 但波长基本上不移动, 表明药物结合在磷脂双层的表面而没有进入到脂双层内部. 在荧光光谱中, 抗炎药可以结合到脂质体上, 游离出ANS, 猝灭ANS 在脂质体中的强烈荧光, 表观猝灭常数KSVapp>10^12 L·mol^(-1); 药物先行结合到脂质体上后, 会降低ANS结合到脂质体上的机率. 同样表明药物可以结合到脂质体表面磷脂分子的头部, 结合能力的强弱与吸收谱得到的结果一致, 舒林酸最强, 吲哚美辛其次, 托美丁的结合能力较弱. 相似文献
999.
1000.