Towards Artificial Cells: Engineering Encapsulated Molecular Signaling with Intelligent DNA Nanomachines

The building and engineering of an artificial molecular signaling system in encapsulated vesicles is a key step towards artificial cells. Recently, Tan et al. reached a new milestone by integrating an intelligent DNA nano- gatekeeper with an artificial vesicle system. The DNA nanogatekeeper driven by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) is able to receive outside stimulus, which in turn switches the diffusion of environmental ions into the integrated vesicle. Most importantly, this system enables triggering downstream signaling cascaded reactions confined in the artificial vesicle, as well as returning feedback to the DNA nanogatekeeper, mimicking real cellular behaviors of reception, transduction and response. This work has been published online in Nature Communications aon February 20, 2020.     

Tuning the mechanical properties and degradation properties of polydioxanone isothermal annealing

Polydioxanone (PPDO) is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of p-dioxanone, using stannous octoate as the catalyst. The polarized optical micrograph (POM) shows thes pherulite growth rate of PPDO decreases with an increase in the isothermal crystallization temperature. PPDO is compression-molded into bars, and PPDO bars are subjected to isothermal annealing at a range of temperatures (Ta = 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C), and correspond to three different annealing times (ta = 1h, 2h, 3h). The effect on PPDO is investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With an increase in Ta and ta, the grain size and the degree of crystallinity also increase. Meanwhile, the tensile strength is significantly improved. The PPDO bars (90 °C, 2 h) reach the maximum crystallinity (57.21%) and the maximum tensile strength (41.1 MPa). Interestingly, the heat treatment process does not result in serious thermal degradation. It is observed that the hydrolytic degradation of the annealed PPDO is delayed to some extent. Thus, annealed PPDO might have potential applications, particularly in the fields of orthopedic fixation and tissue engineering.     

Catalytic Selective Dihydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes Enabled by Rare‐Earth Ate Complex

Hydrosilylation of alkynes generally yield vinylsilanes, which are inert to the further hydrosilylation because of the steric effects. Reported here is the first successful dihydrosilylation of aryl‐ and silyl‐substituted internal alkynes enabled by a rare‐earth ate complex to yield geminal bis‐ and tris(silanes), respectively. The lanthanum bis(amido) ate complex supported by an ene‐diamido ligand proved to be the ideal catalyst for this unprecedented transformation, while the same series of yttrium and samarium alkyl and samarium bis(amido) ate complexes exhibited poor activity and selectivity, indicating significant effects of the ionic size and ate structure of the rare‐earth catalysts.     

基于支座反力影响线曲率差分的等截面连续梁损伤识别方法

为了实现仅采用损伤状态信息对等截面连续梁进行损伤识别,通过推导三跨不等跨连续梁在移动荷载作用下的支座反力影响线,发现支座反力影响线求曲率并作差分后的曲线在损伤位置会发生突变,基于该现象提出了一种损伤定位方法,进一步建立了损伤程度计算方法,可对损伤程度进行较精确的定量。通过一三跨连续梁和一四跨连续梁工程实例的仿真分析,证明了支座反力影响线曲率差分指标损伤定位和相应的损伤程度定量方法对等截面连续梁损伤识别具有可行性。     

液相苯与稀乙烯变相催化分离生成乙苯的化学平衡、物料平衡和热量平衡计算

 提出了液相苯和稀乙烯变相催化分离制乙苯的反应示意图,对该烷基化反应部分的化学平衡、物料平衡和热量平衡进行了计算. 在温度185 ℃, 压力2.0 MPa, 乙烯1 mol/h, 氮4 mol/h, 新鲜苯3 mol/h的条件下, 烷基化反应后的绝热温升为175.6 ℃. 计算的温升、乙烯转化率和乙苯选择性结果与实验结果基本相符. 从反应段上部补充的35 ℃的新鲜苯与反应段流出的202.6 ℃气体进行热交换后,体系温度达到185.9 ℃, 稍高于反应温度(185 ℃). 但从反应段下部进入的35 ℃的稀乙烯与反应段流出的202.6 ℃的液体混合进行热交换时,由于稀乙烯使液体产物汽化,导致体系温度大幅度降低,平衡时体系温度仅为153.5 ℃, 远低于所要求的反应温度. 计算结果表明,需给体系提供91.5 kJ的热,或者将稀乙烯加热至523 ℃, 混合后体系平衡温度才能达到185 ℃.     

Markov链在教育测量中的应用

将“问题解决”的分析、建模、求解和检验四个阶段作为随机过程的状态得到一Markov链.利用有关随机过程的知识对Markov链进行分类和求解.由此,对学生解决问题的能力进行测量,得到了一些合理结果.     

椭圆曲线y2=(x+p)(x2+p2)的本原整数点

设p是奇素数.本文给出了椭圆曲线y2=(x+p)(x2+p2)存在可使y为偶数的本原整数点(x,y)的充要条件.     

优化端点条件的平面二次均匀B样条插值曲线

在利用反求法构造B样条插值曲线时,往往需要选取端点条件。 因此,可对端点条件进行优化选取,使得构造的B样条插值曲线满足特定要求。提出了一种利用曲线内能极小选取平面二次均匀B样条插值曲线端点条件的算法。首先给出了二次均匀B样条插值曲线分控制顶点与首个控制顶点（即端点条件）的递推关系式;然后给出了利用曲线内能极小优化选取首个控制顶点的算法,证明了利用该算法构造的C¹连续二次均匀B样条插值曲线为保形插值,并通过数值算例证明了算法的有效性;最后,为便于实际应用,基于MATLAB平台设计了算法所对应的图形用户界面,用户通过简单的操作即可获得光顺的C¹连续二次均匀B样条保形插值曲线。     

融合图卷积神经网络和注意力机制的PM2.5小时浓度多步预测

PM_2.5小时浓度多为单步预测。为实现PM_2.5小时浓度的多步预测,基于“编码器-解码器”的序列-序列预测（Seq2Seq）模型,集合图卷积神经网络提取非欧式空间数据特征的能力以及注意力机制自适应关注特征的能力,提出了融合图卷积神经网络和注意力机制的PM_2.5小时浓度多步预测（GCN_Attention_Seq2Seq）模型。并与Seq2Seq模型和使用了图卷积神经网络、未使用注意力机制的GCN_Seq2Seq模型进行了对照,以2015—2016年北京市22个空气质量监测站点的空气质量数据为样本进行实例验证,结果表明,Seq2Seq模型和图卷积神经网络（GCN）可对PM_2.5小时浓度数据的时空依赖进行有效建模,注意力机制有助于减缓多步预测中的预测精度衰减,提升PM_2.5小时浓度多步预测的精度。GCN_Attention_Seq2Seq模型可有效应用于多种长度的PM_2.5浓度预测窗口。     

ZnS作为空穴缓冲层的新型有机发光二极管

采用磁控溅射方法在ITO表面沉积了不同厚度的ZnS超薄膜作为有机发光二极管(OLEDs)的缓冲层,使典型结构(ITO/TPD/Alq3/Al)的OLEDs的发光性能得到改善。ZnS缓冲层厚度对器件性能影响的实验结果表明,当ZnS缓冲层厚度为5nm时,器件电流密度提高了近2倍,亮度提高了2倍;当ZnS缓冲层厚度为10nm时,器件发光的电流效率提高18%,器件的性能得到改善。宽禁带的ZnS缓冲层对空穴从阳极到有机功能层的注入有阻碍作用,促进器件载流子平衡,提高了器件发光效率,改善了器件性能。