尖晶石型LiMn2O4的低温制备

锂锰氧化物;溶胶凝胶法;尖晶石型LiMn2O4的低温制备     

COHERENT OPTICAL PHONON EXCITATION BY FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSE IN YBa2Cu3O7-δ THIN FILMS

With a correlation of nonequilibrium carriers relaxation and coherent phonons displacive excitation, the coherent optical phonon oscillations in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin films excited by femtosecond laser pulse are simulated theoretically. It is revealed that as the oxygen concentration decreases, the coherent phonon oscillations become easier to be observed due to the decrease of the local coupling between the carriers and the lattice vibrations in the CuO₂ plane.     

生地当归药队煎剂的表面增强拉曼散射光谱

为揭示单味煎剂与方剂间的关系,分别测试分析了生地当归药队、单味药生地和单味药当归煎剂的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)光谱,并对其进行谱峰归属。本文主要针对存在于三种煎剂中的17个拉曼信号(538,622,732,761,835,876,959,1 145,1 245,1 276,1 326,1 402, 1 456,1 470,1 518,1 546和1 605 cm-1)进行讨论。生地当归药队煎剂SERS光谱在538,732,761,835,876,959,1 145,1 245,1 276,1 326,1 402,1 456,1 470,1 518和1 605 cm-1处,出现15个明显的拉曼信号;生地煎剂SERS光谱在538,761,835,876,959,1 145,1 245,1 276,1 326,1 402,1 470,1 518和1 546 cm-1处,出现13个明显的拉曼信号;当归煎剂SERS光谱在538,622,732,761,835,876,959,1 245,1 326和1 402 cm-1处,出现10个明显的拉曼信号。生地当归药队煎剂SERS光谱保留了和未观察到生地和当归单味煎剂的某些拉曼峰,且产生了生地和当归单味煎剂中所没有的拉曼信号(1 456和1 605 cm-1),即产生新药物成分。生地当归药队煎剂所包含的药物成分并非是生地和当归单味药物煎剂所含药物成分的简单相加。结果表明,SERS光谱可能为方剂研究提供一种高灵敏度、快速准确和操作简单的检测方法。     

ISOVALEROYL OXOKADSURANE,A NOVEL DIBENZOCYCLOOCTADIENE LIGNAN POSSESSING A SPIROBENZOPURANOID SKELETON

Isovaleroyl oxokadsurane, a novel dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan pos-sessing a spirobenzofuranoid skeleton was isolated from the stems of Kadsura coccinea.Its structure and relative configuration were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

GROWTH MODEL OF TEXTURED DIAMOND (111) FILM IN CH4/O2/H2 ATMOSPHERE

Partially oriented and highly textured diamond films on Si( 111 ) substrates were achieved by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD). High nucleation density greater than 5×10⁸cm^-2 was realiged in 3 min by near-surface glow discharge. The os-grown films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that by adding a small amount of oxygen to the mixture of CH₄/H₂, the appearance of facet(111) was well controlled, and the secondary nucleation on the facet(111) was suppressed greatly. Growth feature of homoepitaxy on diamond (111) surface was demonstrated to be in Stranski-Krastanov model by SEM.     

表面单分子膜的垂悬液滴方法研究

提出一种扩展或收缩气/液界面单分子层的分子密度，用荧光成像技术检测单分子层的扩展或收缩效果的新方法——垂悬液滴分析方法-此方法通过改变液滴体积，对液滴界面上的表面活性剂分子实施扩展和收缩，具有Langmuir-Blodgett(LB槽)的功能-对表面活性剂荧光分子，用液滴的激光感生荧光图像，可以实时测量液滴界面的相对分子密度变化；用偏振荧光分析技术，可获取荧光偶极矩在液滴界面的相对取向-对罗丹明(B)表面活性剂分子ODRB的实验结果表明：1) 表面单分子层分子密度在压缩过程中遵循σ/σ_{0关键词：}     

药芯焊丝脉冲TIG增材制造倒Y形电弧光电特性分析

在药芯焊丝脉冲TIG电弧增材制造过程中,发现了电弧“骑”在成形件两侧的现象,该电弧被称为倒Y形电弧。倒Y形电弧对成形件两侧均有加热作用,其偏移导致成形件两侧受热不均,影响熔覆过程稳定性。按照点阵法测得的光谱数据利用Stark展宽方法计算了倒Y形电弧拖曳部分的电子密度,本研究试验条件下有部分区域（侧壁以外2 mm左右,Z方向0位置以下1.5 mm左右）符合局部热力学平衡条件。利用光谱诊断的Boltzmann图法来计算电子温度,将各点的数据拟合得到完整电弧温度场,分别从平行和垂直于焊枪运动方向分析了熔敷过程中倒Y形电弧的温度场。结果表明,从两个方向光谱诊断得到的倒Y形电弧钨极轴线处的温度最高值均大约为14 000~16 000 K, 分布在钨极端部下方0.5~1.5 mm范围内,电弧拖曳部分的温度大约为5 000~8 000 K。在垂直于焊枪运动方向上,当钨极轴线与熔敷层中心重合时,正常倒Y形电弧及其温度场关于钨极轴线对称分布。当钨极轴线偏移熔敷层中心左侧1 mm时,倒Y形电弧向左发生偏移且温度场也向左发生了偏移,熔敷层左侧温度明显高于右侧温度。在平行于焊枪运动方向,倒Y形电弧温度场扭曲较小,熔敷过程中焊丝从钨极前（左）侧送入,扰动电弧且吸收电弧热量,导致电弧前（左）侧的尺寸和温度均小于后（右）侧,电弧拖曳部分出现了收缩现象。通过分析钨极轴线与熔敷层中心重合以及钨极轴线向左偏移熔敷层中心1 mm的电信号,发现前者的均值电压、基值均值电压、峰值均值电压均小于后者。利用电信号结合高斯热源模型进行分析,在成形件左侧壁相同位置,正常倒Y形电弧的温度和热流密度小于偏移的倒Y形电弧,在成形件右侧壁相同位置则相反,这与光谱诊断得到的温度场分布关系吻合。研究结果对于建立电弧增材制造过程中新的热源模型和过程监控具有重要意义。     

亚大气压六相交流电弧等离子体射流特性研究:实验测量

以临近空间高超声速飞行器以及航天器再入大气环境飞行过程"黑障"问题的研究为背景,进行了多相交流电弧放电实验装置的物理设计,建立了六相交流电弧等离子体实验平台(MPX-2015),在背景压力为500 Pa的亚大气压条件下获得了最大直径和长度分别达到14.0 cm和60.0 cm的等离子体射流.研究了工作气体流量、真空腔压强、电极间距以及弧电流等因素对等离子体自由射流和冲击射流特性的影响规律.结果表明:在实验参数范围内,真空腔压强对等离子体的射流特性影响最为显著,等离子体自由射流的长度和直径以及冲击钝体条件下的鞘套有效工作长度和厚度均随着压强的降低而增大;提高沿电极环缝注入的工作气体流量或弧电流亦有利于等离子体鞘套尺寸的增加.上述工作有助于进一步开展临近空间飞行器与其周围复杂介质环境间复杂的气动热效应和"黑障"问题的研究.     

一种形成尾翼型聚能侵彻体新方法的实验研究

尾翼可以提高聚能侵彻体的飞行稳定性,如何形成有一定规律性的尾翼在聚能侵彻体的研究中具有重要意义。在药型罩上粘附隔板,利用隔板改变爆轰波波阵面的结构形状,使药型罩上的爆轰压力发生规律变化,从而发生规律性的变形,最终形成带有尾翼的聚能侵彻体,这是一种新的形成尾翼的方法。从药型罩微元压垮速度变化和药型罩表面爆轰压力变化的角度出发,对新方法形成尾翼的机理进行了初步探讨。通过合理设计隔板的几何尺寸对该方法形成尾翼型聚能侵彻体进行试验,试验回收到了带有尾翼的聚能侵彻体,说明新方法形成尾翼具有一定的可行性。     

About macroscopic models of instability pattern formation

Various macroscopic models to describe instability pattern formation are discussed in this paper. They are similar to the Ginzburg–Landau envelope equation, but they can remain valid away from the bifurcation and are based on the technique of Fourier series with slowly varying coefficients. We focus on two questions: the need to take phase changes into account and the boundary conditions to be associated with macroscopic models. The analysis is carried out on the basis of numerical simulations for the problem of a compressed beam on a nonlinear foundation that is quite similar to the well known Swift–Hohenberg equation. The first macroscopic model involves a real envelope so that the phase is assumed to be constant. The second model is also macroscopic and it is a sort of Ginzburg–Landau equation with a complex envelope. The third one follows from a multi-scaled approach with a numerical bridging between the full model near the boundary and a macroscopic model in the bulk.