污泥/钛铁矿复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,添加微量钛铁矿,采用氯化锌活化法制备复合吸附剂,并考察了其对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理效果。研究表明:钛铁矿添加量1.5%、氯化锌浓度3 mol/L、固液比1∶2、活化温度550℃和活化时间40 min时,复合吸附剂碘吸附值可达523.24mg/g,比表面积为285.003 m2/g,相对于不添加钛铁矿的纯污泥吸附剂分别提高了27.95%和43.08%;吸附Cr(Ⅵ)废水研究表明,当pH为1.5、吸附剂用量为4 g/L、吸附时间为120 min时,吸附率可达99.17%,吸附量为12.4 mg/g。     

Synthesis and characterisation of 3-armed dendritic molecules with triphenylbenzene or triphenyltriazine as core and triphenylene derivative as shells

Two series 3-armed dendritic molecules with their 1,3,5-tris(4-methyloxyphenyl) benzene or 2,4,6-tris(4- hydroxylphenyl)-1,3,5-s-triazine core and triphenylene derivative shells connected by soft hydrocarbon chains have been synthesised and fully characterised. Whether liquid crystal (LC) or photoluminescence materials have been tuned by changing the length of the soft chain and they have been studied by POM, DSC, XRD, UV-Vis and PL. The results show that all the new dendritic compounds display UV to blue fluorescence in solvents such as DCM, THF and acetone. The TC3 compound bearing 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxylphenyl) benzene core exhibits LC property with rectangular columnar phase (Col_r) on cooling.     

两个4-连接配位网络的锌(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、结构和荧光性质

以5-氨基四氮唑(HATz),异烟酸(HPyc)和ZnSO4·7H2O或Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为反应物,在DMF溶剂热条件下分别得到了2个锌(Ⅱ)配位聚合物{[(CH3)2NH2]·[Zn(ATz)(SO4)]}n(1)和{[Zn(ATz)(Pyc)]·0.5DMF}n(2),并对它们的组成和结构进行了表征。配合物1是由4-连接(4,4)网络拓扑的[Zn(ATz)(SO4)]nn-二维阴离子层和[(CH3)2NH2]+阳离子间通过氢键作用形成的二维波浪层结构。配合物2则是1个二重穿插的4-连接金刚烷拓扑的三维微孔金属-有机框架结构,客体DMF分子填充在孔道内。室温下的固体荧光实验表明,在350 nm的光激发下,配合物1和2分别在为445 nm和458 nm处出现强烈的荧光发射。     

基于N-((3-吡啶基)磺酰基)天冬氨酸的Co(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、磁性和荧光性质

以N-((3-吡啶基)磺酰基)天冬氨酸(H₂L)为配体,采取水热合成的方法,合成了配位聚合物[M(HL)₂]_n(M=Co,1;Zn,2;Cd,3)。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,它们的晶体同构。1的磁性分析表明,1的Curie常数为4.66cm³·mol^-1·K,Curie-Weiss常数为-21.23K;与配体H₂L相比,2和3的发射光谱发生了明显的蓝移,可能归因于配体到金属的电荷转移。     

Ca0.8-2x(YbxTb0.1Na0.1+x)2xWO4近红外下转换荧光粉水热合成及发光性质

一种在近红外光谱(NIR)区域高效的量子剪裁现象已在Ca0.8-2x(Ybx Tb0.1Na0.1+x)2x WO4(x=0～0.2)荧光粉中得到证实,该量子剪裁通过吸收紫外线光子发射近红外光子,能量传递包括两个协同过程,分别是WO42-基团到Yb3+离子和WO42-基团到Tb3+离子再到Yb3+离子,Yb3+离子的掺杂浓度对荧光粉在可见光和近红外光谱的发光,荧光寿命和量子效率的影响已进行了详细的研究。经计算,量子效率最大达到135.7%。铽与镱共掺钨酸钙的近红外量子剪裁,通过吸收太阳光谱的1个紫外光子到2个1 000 nm光子(2倍光子数增加)的下转化机制实现高效率硅太阳能电池的途径。     

Solvent extraction of U(VI) by trioctylphosphine oxide using a room-temperature ionic liquid

The unique physical and chemical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids(RTILs) have recently received increasing attention as solvent alternatives for possible application in the field of nuclear industry, particularly in liquid-liquid separations of radioactive nuclides. We investigated solvent extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solutions into a commonly used ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([C4mim][NTf2]) using trioctylphosphine oxide(TOPO) as an extractant. The effects of contact time, TOPO concentration, acidity, and nitrate ions on the U(VI) extraction are discussed in detail. The extraction mechanism was proposed based on slope analysis and UV-Vis measurement. The results clearly show that TOPO/[C4mim][NTf2] provides a highly efficient extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solution under near-neutral conditions. When the TOPO concentration was 10 mmol/L, the extraction of 1 mmol/L U(VI) was almost complete( 97%). Both the extraction efficiency and distribution coefficient were much larger than in conventional organic solvents such as dichloromethane. Slope analysis confirmed that three TOPO molecules in [C4mim][NTf2] bound with one U(VI) ion and one nitrate ion was also involved in the complexation and formed the final extracted species of [UO2(NO3)(TOPO)3]+. Such a complex suggests that extraction occurs by a cation-exchange mode, which was subsequently evidenced by the fact that the concentration of C4mim+ in the aqueous phase increased linearly with the extraction percent of U(VI) recorded by UV-Vis measurement.     

NaF含量对以水滑石结构为前驱体的固体碱催化剂F-Ca-Mg-Al及碳酸二甲酯合成的影响（英文）

以碳酸丙烯(PC)和甲醇为原料,经酯交换反应合成的多功能、环保的碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是一种绿色、节能的合成方法。CaO固体碱催化剂对该反应具有良好的催化性能,但其再生性不理想。以F-Ca-Mg-Al水滑石(LDHs)为原料,制备了一系列不同Na F用量的固体碱催化剂,并对其进行了表征和酯交换反应测试。与不加氟的FCMA-0催化剂相比,经氟改性后的催化剂的比表面积、碱量、催化活性等性能均有明显提高。催化活性由高到低依次为:FCMA-0.8> FCMA-0.4>FCMA-1.2> FCMA-1.6> FCMA-0,这与总碱位量和强碱位量一致。FCMA-0.8催化剂活性最好,与纯CaO催化剂的相当,PC转化率为66.8%,DMC选择性为97.4%,DMC收率为65.1%。在10次循环使用后,FCMA-0.8催化剂的DMC收率仅下降3.9%(CaO催化剂下降33.2%)。FCMA-0.8在PC与甲醇酯交换制DMC方面具有良好的工业应用前景。     

锰氧化物中氧空位的构建及其催化氧化苯系物作用机制研究进展

作为一种过渡金属氧化物,锰氧化物以其多晶型、储/释氧能力强、蕴含丰富氧物种、结构缺陷可控等优点被广泛应用于苯系物的热催化氧化。其中,具有众多特性的氧空位能有效促进苯系物的完全催化氧化,因而成为各界研究的焦点。我们综述了常见的氧空位构建方法及表征技术,并总结了在苯系物催化氧化过程中,锰氧化物中氧空位的几种重要作用机制对催化活性和抗水性能的积极影响。最后文章对氧空位构建新方法、形成机理、具体过程及其在锰氧化物热催化氧化苯系物领域中的应用进行了总结和展望。     

磁性分子印迹电化学传感法检测痕量奥卡西平

该文以4-乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸酯为原料制备了一种可用于检测奥卡西平（OXC）的磁性分子印迹 电化学传感器（MNPs－MIP/MCPE）。首先,依据密度泛函数理论（DFT/B3LYP/6－31 + G）计算,实验成功地 筛选和构建出 OXC与功能单体的最佳组合及比例。随后,基于沉淀聚合法合成了能够识别 OXC的磁性分子 印迹膜（MNPs－MIP）,将MNPs－MIP覆于碳糊电极（MCPE）表面制成MNPs－MIP/MCPE。采用差分脉冲伏安 法（DPV）将 MNPs－MIP/MCPE 传感器用于不同浓度 OXC 的测定。结果显示,传感器的峰电流信号随 OXC 浓 度的增大而增大,且OXC分别在5 × 10－8 ～3 × 10－6 mol/L和3 × 10－6 ～1. 5 × 10－4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流 信号呈线性关系,其线性方程分别为：Ip （μA）= 1. 755 + 1. 097c（μmol/L）,相关系数（r）= 0. 999 7 和 Ip （μA）= 0. 131 + 5. 177c（μmol/L）,r = 0. 999 6。OXC的检出限（LOD = 3S/m）为2. 06 × 10－8 mol/L。该传感器成 功用于实际样品中OXC含量的检测,其回收率为99. 4%~101%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1. 5%～2. 5%。     

圆形薄板二维驻波的研究

在理论上和实验上对圆形薄板二维驻波波节图形(克拉尼图形)进行了研究,通过在极坐标下对圆形薄板的竖向小振动方程进行分离变量,求解出圆形薄板小振动方程在自由边条件下的解析解的简正模式,并进行了数值模拟.发现通过调节圆形薄板上点振动源的位置和频率,可精确控制薄板上出现的克拉尼图形.实验上观察到了仅有圆形波节线,仅有辐射状波节线,以及两种波节线同时存在3种情形,且波节线的数量可严格控制.并在此基础上计算了圆形薄板上二维振动的波矢和波速,以及弹性模量等物理量,且理论结果跟实验符合得很好.