Thermal conductivity, dislocation density and GaN device design

The performance of high power transistor devices is intimately connected to the substrate thermal conductivity. In this study, the relationship between thermal conductivity and dislocation density is examined using the 3 omega technique and free standing HVPE GaN substrates. Dislocation density is measured using imaging cathodoluminescence. In a low dislocation density regime below 10⁵ cm⁻², the thermal conductivity appears to plateau out near 230 W/K m and can be altered by the presence of isotopic defects and point defects. For high dislocation densities the thermal conductivity is severely degraded due to phonon scattering from dislocations. These results are applied to the design of homoepitaxially and heteroepitaxially grown HEMT devices and the efficiency of heat extraction and the influence of lateral heat spreading on device performance are compared.     

Heavy ions in RHIC — How to get to higher luminosities?

Luminosity mainly depends on the beam intensity of the circulating beams and the beam profiles at the interaction points. By either increasing the total beam current or decreasing its size the instantaneous luminosity can be increased. In addition any method to slow down beam growth and debunching processes will further improve the luminosity which can be integrated over a store. Optimizing beam cleaning procedures such as collimation or abort gap cleaning will further increase the amount of usable luminosity for experiments. This paper will give a brief introduction to some accelerator basics of interest and the luminosity as a function of beam parameters. Limitations to the achievable integrated luminosity as well as future upgrades to overcome these limitations are presented.     

Synthesis and conformational study of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,6-naphthiridines

A new class of endocyclic enamines, 1,6-disubstituted 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,6-naphthiridines, was synthesized from 4-piperidone imines by successive subjecting the latter to lithiation with lithium diethylamide, to alkylation with 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, and to intramolecular cyclization. All stages were carried out as a unique process without isolation of the intermediate compounds. A thorough optimization of the process conditions, workup, and product storage was carried out. The conformational study of 1,6-disubstituted 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,6-naphthiridines was performed.     

Some quantum mechanical problems in Lobachevsky space

Quantum mechanical problems are considered for potentials satisfying Bertrand's problem in Lobachevsky space. The self-adjointness of the corresponding Schrödinger operators is proved. The energy levels are calculated both from the Schrödinger equation and by means of the Bohr-Sommerfeld method. The effect of the quantum binding of classically infinite motion was discovered and is presented for the first time. It is shown that the quasi-classical limit is equivalent, in a sense, to the Euclidean limit.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 395–405, December, 1996.     

Lyapunov’s direct method in estimates of topological entropy

An upper estimate for the topological entropy of a dynamical system defined by a system of ODE is obtained. The estimate involves the Lyapunov functions and Losinskii’s logarithmic norm. The proof uses the known fact that the topological entropy of a mapping acting in a compact space K can be estimated via the fractal dimension of K. Bibliography: 28 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 231, 1995, pp. 62–75. Translated by V. A. Boichenko and G. A. Leonov.     

QCD corrections to the forward-backward asymmetries of c and b quarks at the Z pole

Measurements of the forward-backward production asymmetry of heavy quarks in Z decays provide a precise determination of . The asymmetries are sensitive to QCD effects, in particular hard gluon radiation. In this paper QCD corrections for and are discussed. The interplay between the experimental techniques used to measure the asymmetries and the QCD effects is investigated using simulated events. A procedure to estimate the correction needed for experimental measurements is proposed, and some specific examples are given. Received: 26 February 1998 / Published online: 2 June 1998     

Samuelson maps—recent results

Samuelson maps are maps whose Jacobian matrix has nowhere vanishing leading principal minors. This paper surveys some recent results on invertibility of Samuelson maps and their decomposition into maps that fix all but one coordinate. The most noteworthy result is that real, rational, everywhere defined Samuelson maps are invertible. Proofs are sketched or omitted entirely.