LGP pattern design with single LED light source

We investigated optimize pattern design of a LGP for TFT-LCD with single LED. For the purpose, we introduced new concepts of pattern design most appropriate design for single light source, density adjustment design and radius adjustment design. And than compared the LGP output intensity distribution of the two cases with that of the uniform density pattern. As the result, above two types pattern design given a good result. Especially, the radius adjustment pattern design enhanced intensity uniformity definitely.     

Local duality theorem for q-ary 1-perfect codes

In this paper, we derive the relationship between local weight enumerator of q-ary 1-perfect code in a face and that in the orthogonal face. As an application of our result, we compute the local weight enumerators of a shortened, doubly-shortened, and triply-shortened q-ary 1-perfect code.     

Quantitation of Oxidative Stress Gene Expression in MCF-7 Human Cell Lines Treated with Water-Dispersible CuO Nanoparticles

The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of water-dispersible CuO nanoparticles by quantifying the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Monodisperse CuO nanoparticles of 14 nm in size were used. Cytotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles was evaluated under in vitro condition at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) and incubation times (12, 24, and 48 h) with human cancer cell lines (breast cancer epithelial cells). The genetic level cytotoxic screening produced consistent results showing that GST and catalase ROS gene expression was maximized in 24 h incubation at 100 μg/ml concentration of CuO nanoparticles. However, the cytotoxicity of water-dispersible CuO nanoparticle was not significant compared with control experiments, demonstrating its high potential in the application of nanomedicines for a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.     

Cauchy’s Formula on Surfaces Embedded in the Quaternions

Cauchy’s theorem for analytic functions on complex numbers is extended to analytic functions on the quaternions. For this purpose, we carefully define the notions of differentiation and integration on two or three dimensional manifolds embedded in the quaternions.     

Thermal stability of ester linkage in the presence of 1,2,3‐Triazole moiety generated by click reaction

The copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), so‐called “click” reaction, is one of most useful synthetic strategies to connect two polymer chains. 1,2,3‐Triazole ring (TA) produced by the click reaction has good thermal and chemical stability. However, we observed that block copolymers synthesized by the click reaction showed thermal degradation to give homopolymers when they are thermally annealed at high temperature, which is required for obtaining equilibrium microdomain structure. To investigate the origin of thermal instability of block copolymers, we synthesized model polystyrenes (PSs) using systematically designed bi‐functional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators containing TA. PS including both ester and TA groups showed thermal decomposition at relatively low temperature (e.g., 140 °C). MALDI‐TOF analysis clearly demonstrated that the cleavage site is the ester group adjacent to TA. We also found that the bromine group located at the polymer chain end plays an important role in pyrolysis of ester groups at low temperature. The pyrolysis occurs by syn‐elimination of the ester group. This result implies that the phase behavior of block copolymer synthesized by click reaction should be carefully investigated when high temperature thermal annealing is required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 427–436     

Residual determination and risk assessment of buprofezin in plum (Prunus domestica) grown in open‐field conditions following the application of three different formulations

This study was conducted to characterize the residual level and perform a risk assessment on buprofezin formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, and suspension concentrate over various treatment schedules in plum (Prunus domestica). The samples were extracted with an AOAC quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe, ‘QuEChERS’, method after major modifications. As intrinsic interferences were observed in blank plum samples following dispersive‐solid phase extraction (consisting of primary secondary amine and C₁₈ sorbents), amino cartridges were used for solid‐phase extraction. Analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed excellent linearity with determination coefficient (R² = 1) and satisfactory recoveries (at two spiking levels, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg) between 90.98 and 94.74% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤8%. The limit of quantification (0.05 mg/kg) was considerably lower than the maximum residue limit (2 mg/kg) set by the Codex Alimentarius. Absolute residue levels for emulsifiable concentrates were highest, perhaps owing to the dilution rate and adjuvant. Notably, all formulation residues were lower than the maximum residue limit, and safety data proved that the fruits are safe for consumers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Free convection of a dusty‐gas flow along a semi‐infinite vertical cylinder

An analysis is performed to study the free convection of a dusty‐gas flow along a semi‐infinite isothermal vertical cylinder. The governing equations of the flow problem are transformed into non‐dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear, coupled parabolic partial differential equations have been solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme of Crank–Nicholson type. The flow variables such as gas–velocity, dust‐particle velocity and temperature, shearing stress and heat transfer coefficients are calculated numerically for various parameters occurring in the problem. It is observed that due to the presence of dust particles, the gas velocity is found to decrease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of the global energy minimum conformation of polypeptides by the High Directional Monte Carlo procedure

Abstract

A new Monte Carlo sampling scheme, namely High Directional Monte Carlo procedure, is used to obtain the global energy minimum conformations of polypeptides such as enkephalin and melittin. The resultant structures of enkephalin and melittin agree well with previous results of theoretical and experimental studies. Particularly, it is shown that some important parts in the conformation, such as the hinge region that principally determines the tertiary structure of proteins, are correctly described by the new method. The resultant structures are compared with those of other works and their stereoscopic views are shown.