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91.
A series of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide-co-poly(acrylic acid) gels with systematically varying hydrophobicity were prepared by free-radical polymerization of acrylamide,
n-alkylacrylamides (n = 10, 12, and 14), and acrylic acid. The swelling of these gels was examined in water and in both anionic and cationic surfactant
solutions. It was found that the gels which incorporated acrylic acid showed extremely high swelling in water. Maximum swelling
was observed in gels which incorporated 10 mol% acrylic acid. The swelling of these gels was much less in solutions of both
anionic and cationic surfactants than in water. The gels which did not incorporate acrylic acid demonstrated little swelling
in water, but showed increased swelling in both anionic and cationic surfactant solutions with increased hydrophobicity of
the gel.
Received: 1 February 1999 Accepted in revised form: 5 March 1999 相似文献
92.
Soo‐Jin Park Geun‐Ho Kwak Min‐Kang Seo Jae‐Rock Lee 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(3):326-331
The latent properties and cure behaviors of an epoxy blend system based on cycloaliphatic epoxy (CAE) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy containing N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) as a thermal latent initiator were investigated with near‐infrared (N‐IR) spectroscopy. The assignments of the latent properties and cure kinetics were performed by the measurements of the N‐IR reflectance for epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups at different temperatures and compositions. As a result, this system showed more than one type of reaction, and BPH was an excellent thermal latent catalyst without any coinitiator. The cure behaviors were identified by the changes in the absorption intensity of the hydroxyl groups at 7100 cm−1 with different composition ratios. Moreover, characteristic N‐IR band assignments were used to evaluate the reactive kinetics and were shown to be an appropriate method for studying the cure behaviors of the CAE/DGEBA blend system containing a thermal latent catalyst. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 326–331, 2001 相似文献
93.
Yong‐Hyun Jin Hong‐Jo Park Seung‐Soon Im Seung‐Yeop Kwak Soonjong Kwak 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2002,23(2):135-140
Complete exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ti‐based Ziegler‐Natta polymerization of ethylene has been successfully carried out by using montmorillonite (MMT‐OH) modified with intercalation agents containing hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups in intercalation agents offer facile reactive sites for anchoring catalysts in between silicate layers. Comparison of exfoliation characteristics between MMT‐OH and non‐intercalated montmorillonite showed that the feasibility of exfoliation during ethylene polymerization was highly dependent on the catalyst fixation method. 相似文献
94.
Jungahn Kim Keon Hyeong Kim Jae Cheol Cho Soonjong Kwak Kwang Ung Kim Won Ho Jo Hye Sung Yoon Dong Soo Lim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(11):1733-1741
The catalytic activities in syndiospecific polymerization of styrene in hydrocarbon using homogeneous Ti-based catalysts in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) were investigated through UV/visible spectroscopic analysis. A strong UV absorption band of CpTiCl3, itself, incipiently appeared at λmax = 400 nm in toluene, followed by a bathochromic shift with its remarkable decrease by the addition of MAO. The absorption band intensity at λmax = 400 nm arising from delocalization of π-electrons on the cyclopentadienyl ring decreased by methylation in the presence of MAO with regard to the mechanism for production of an active center (“cation-like”), for example, the change of the ionic nature. The intensity decrease at λmax = 400 nm was suppressed over 2000 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio. In the case of Ti(OC4H9)4 having a σ-ligand, new and broad UV absorption bands were developed at λmax = 340 nm and 410 nm in the presence of MAO in contrast with the CpTiCl3/MAO system. Comparison between the relative absorption intensities at λmax = 340 nm and 410 nm led to the determination of a maximum catalytic activity of Ti(OC4H9)4 in the presence of MAO related to the polymerization yield. The maximum polymerization yield was observed with regard to the relative maximum value of the absorption intensity at λmax = 410 nm with the [Al]/[Ti] ratio (500). From observation for polymorphism of the final products via differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), the thermally unstable β-form seemed to be produced by the CpTiCl3/MAO system independent of the MAO concentration, the Ti(OC4H9)4/MAO system produced a thermally stable α-form in the low MAO concentration (up to 100 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio), and a mixture of α- and/or β-forms over 200 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio under our experimental conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1733–1741, 1998 相似文献
95.
Jae Cheol Cho Keon Hyeong Kim Kwang Ung Kim Soonjong Kwak Jungahn Kim Won Ho Jo Moon Seok Chun Chan Hong Lee Jong Ki Yeo Roderic P. Quirk 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(11):1743-1753
The most important variable affecting the yield in the coupling reactions of polymeric organolithium compounds with chlorosilane compounds has been investigated through size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis. The coupling reaction of poly(styryl)lithium with dichlorodimethylsilane as a silane-coupling agent provided 44 wt % of the coupling yield. The coupling yield, depending on the chain end reactivity of active polymers, was not greatly affected. The addition of a Lewis base such as N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) even after complete polymerization of the dienes in hydrocarbon seems to affect the coupling reaction, resulting in decreasing the yield. The 1,2- or 3,4-enchain contents in the polydiene backbones affected the reduction of the linking efficiency in the coupling of the poly(dienyl)lithiums with chlorosilanes as the linking agent. The linking yields of the active polymers including over 75 mol % of 1,2- or 3,4-enchainment on the polydiene segment were below 20 wt %. The linking yields exhibited a dependence not only on the steric requirement of the chain end, but also the microstructure of the polydiene segment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1743–1753, 1998 相似文献
96.
Seung‐Yeop Kwak Soo Gyung Jung Young Seo Yoon Dae Woo Ihm 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1999,37(13):1429-1440
In the present article, some new events on the surface morphology of the aromatic polyamide thin‐film‐composite (TFC) membranes were demonstrated in conjunction with their inherent chemical nature. In addition, the detailed, quantitative understanding of the microscopic surface features was shown to be essential in controlling the water permeability and eventually developing the high performance membranes. The surface roughness and the surface area were mainly affected by the existence or nonexistence of the crosslinking and/or the free amide groups not pertinent to the formation of the hydrogen bonding, which in turn contributed to the water permeability. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1429–1440, 1999 相似文献
97.
V. Singh V. K. Rai I. Ledoux-Rak L. Badie H.-Y. Kwak 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2009,97(4):805-809
Alumina (Al2O3) powders doped with Er3+, Yb3+ and Zn2+ ions have been prepared by a low-temperature combustion synthesis technique. The phase purity and crystalline structure of
the combustion products are confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. An efficient frequency upconversion in the visible region
and the emission in the infrared (IR) region respectively corresponding to the 2H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, 4F9/2→4I15/2 and 4I13/2→4I15/2 transitions upon direct excitation with a CW laser lasing at ∼980 nm are discussed. The enhancement observed in the intensity
of the upconversion emission bands in the visible region and the emission band in the IR region due to the presence of Yb3+ and Zn2+ in Er3+:Al2O3 powders is reported and explained in detail. 相似文献
98.
Young Joo Song Han Kwak Young Min Lee Soo Hyun Kim Sun Hwa Lee Byeong Kwon Park Je Yeol Jun Seung Man Yu Cheal Kim Sung-Jin Kim Youngmee Kim 《Polyhedron》2009
Six polymeric metal(II)-benzoate complexes of formula [Co2(O2CPh)4(4,4′-bpy)2]n (1-Co), [Ni(O2CPh)4(H2O)2(4,4′-bpy)]n (2-Ni), [Cu2(O2CPh)4(4,4′-bpy)]n (3-Cu), [Zn2(O2CPh)2(OH)2(4,4′-bpy)2]n (4-Zn), [Zn3(O2CPh)4(μ-OH)2(4,4′-bpy)2]n (5-Zn), and [Cd2(O2CPh)4(4,4′-bpy)2]n (6-Cd) have been synthesized and characterized (4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine). 1-Co and 6-Cd show ladder-type double chains, 2-Ni does a helical structure, 3-Cu does a one-dimensional chain containing paddle-wheel units, 4-Zn does a zigzag chain, and 5-Zn does two-dimensional sheets. Since different structures provide different coordination geometry of each metal ion, it is clear that selection of appropriate metal ions can control the coordination geometry of each metal ion to form different crystal structures. Reactivity study of the compounds 1–7 for the transesterification of a variety of esters has shown that 4-Zn and 5-Zn are very efficient and the best among them. The catalyst 6-Cd containing Cd ion, well known as an inert metal ion for the ligand substitution, also catalyzed efficiently the transesterification of a variety of esters, and its reactivity is comparable to 4-Zn and 5-Zn. Moreover, the redox-active metal-containing polymers, 1-Co, 3-Cu, and 7-Mn, have shown efficient catalytic reactivities for the transesterification reactions, while 2-Ni has displayed a very slow conversion. The reactivities of the compounds used in this study are in the order of 5-Zn > 4-Zn > 6-Cd > 7-Mn ∼ 3-Cu > 1-Co > 2-Ni, indicating that the non-redox metal-containing compounds (5-Zn, 4-Zn, and 6-Cd) show better activity than the redox-active metal-containing compounds (7-Mn, 3-Cu, 1-Co, and 2-Ni). These results suggest that it is possible to tune the catalytic activities by changing from Zn to those metals such as Cd, a kinetically inert metal, or Cu, Mn, and Co, the redox-active metals. 相似文献
99.
This study examined the ability of a real-time dual-color detection system to allow direct observations of the kinetics of temperature-dependent protein-protein interaction at a single-molecule level. The primary target protein was an Alexa Fluor® 488-labeled actin conjugate, which had been pre-incubated with an unlabeled rabbit anti-actin antibody (IgG). The complementary fluorescent protein was Alexa Fluor® 633-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody, which interacts with the rabbit anti-actin antibody (IgG) bound to the Alexa Fluor® 488-labeled actin conjugate. The individual protein molecules labeled with different fluorescent dyes in solution were effectively focused, interacted with the other protein molecules at 500 aM, and detected directly in real-time using the dual-wavelength (λex = 488 and 635 nm) laser-induced fluorescence detection system. The kinetics of the protein-protein interactions were examined at different temperatures (12-32 °C). At concentrations in the aM range, the number of bound complex molecules through the protein-protein interaction decreased gradually with time at a given temperature, and increased with decreasing temperature at a set time. A high concentration (above 500 pM) of the protein sample caused aggregation and nonspecific binding of the protein molecules, even though the protein molecules were not an example of complementary binding. The results demonstrated that the real-time kinetics of a protein-protein interaction could be analyzed effectively at the single-molecule level without any time delay using the real-time dual-color detection system. 相似文献
100.
研究一维热传导方程热源反问题.给出基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)求解的半解析表达式,此外还给出一种参数调节方法以及算法稳定性的证明.数值实验表明该方法具有较高的数值精度和稳定性. 相似文献