石墨基液流电池复合双极板

液流电池是一种安全性高、使用寿命长、可扩展的大规模储能系统,可以协助电网调峰储能,提高能源利用率,发展前景广阔。双极板是液流电池的重要组成部分。功能上起到了分隔、串联电池、传导电流、为电堆提供结构支撑等作用。从成本构成角度看,双极板的价格占电堆成本的比重也较大。开发高性能、低成本的双极板对加快液流电池的商业化应用具有重要意义,也是目前业界的迫切需求。虽然文献上报道了许多针对液流电池双极板开发的工作,但是目前高性能、低成本的液流电池双极板产品仍无法充分满足市场需求。本文着重介绍了石墨基复合双极板的研究现状,介绍了材料选择、工艺流程对关键性能的影响,对相关工作进行了评述,并为液流电池双极板的开发提出了建议。     

噻唑类杀菌剂的合成及生物活性研究进展

噻唑类化合物具有较好的抗真菌,抗细菌及抗微生物活性,在新农药和医药中得到广泛地应用。简要介绍了国内外近年来噻唑类杀菌剂的合成及生物活性研究进展。参考文献38篇。     

The role of cooling rate in crystallization-driven block copolymer self-assembly

Self-assembly of crystalline-coil block copolymers (BCPs) in selective solvents is often carried out by heating the mixture until the sample appears to dissolve and then allowing the solution to cool back to room temperature. In self-seeding experiments, some crystallites persist during sample annealing and nucleate the growth of core-crystalline micelles upon cooling. There is evidence in the literature that the nature of the self-assembled structures formed is independent of the annealing time at a particular temperature. There are, however, no systematic studies of how the rate of cooling affects self-assembly. We examine three systems based upon poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) BCPs that generated uniform micelles under typical conditions where cooling took pace on the 1–2 h time scale. For example, several of the systems generated elongated 1D micelles of uniform length under these slow cooling conditions. When subjected to rapid cooling (on the time scale of a few minutes or faster), branched structures were obtained. Variation of the cooling rate led to a variation in the size and degree of branching of some of the structures examined. These changes can be explained in terms of the high degree of supersaturation that occurs when unimer solutions at high temperature are suddenly cooled. Enhanced nucleation, seed aggregation, and selective growth of the species of lowest solubility contribute to branching. Cooling rate becomes another tool for manipulating crystallization-driven self-assembly and controlling micelle morphologies.

In the self-assembly of crystalline-coil block copolymers in solution, heating followed by different cooling rates can lead to different structures.     

低偏振相关损耗全息光栅波分复用器的设计

对基于掺杂铌酸锂材料的体光栅波分复用器主要结构和光栅记录参量提出了一种优化设计方法.采用严格耦合波理论,对两种偏振不同入射角和不同记录晶体厚度下的器件关键性能参量,如插入损耗和偏振相关损耗等进行了优化.数值结果证明采用优化设计的晶体厚度和光栅记录时的入射角,在获得相当低的偏振相关损耗的同时,也能够获得较低的插入损耗,实现了综合性能优化的波分复用器设计.实验结果证明用优化设计的参量能有效降低波分复用器件的插入损耗和偏振相关损耗.     

提升小波变换与分形相结合的图像压缩

提出了一种提升小波变换与分形相结合的图像压缩方案.充分利用小波变换后系数能量的分布特性,对提升小波变换后的低频部分采用改进的分形图像压缩编码,其余部分采用集合分裂嵌入块(SPECK)编码算法.试验结果表明,该方法在提高了压缩效率的同时,获得了较高的恢复图像质量.     

光纤环形镜线形腔掺Er3+光纤激光器输出特性的数值分析

在分析光纤环形镜工作原理的基础上,给出了基于光纤环形镜的线形腔掺Er3+光纤激光器相位和幅度的振荡条件.通过求解速率方程,理论分析了其输出特性,获得了稳态条件下激光器输出功率、阈值泵浦功率和斜率效率的解析表达式.推导出激光器工作所需掺Er3+光纤最短长度,并在给定泵浦光功率时,在特定输出波长上获得最大输出功率所需最佳掺Er3+光纤长度的表达式,且通过实验进行了验证.     

多光束在分形粗糙表面散射的仿真

采用矩量法(MOM),分析了多光束在分形粗糙导体表面的散射分布.对在不同入射角、光束宽度控制因子、光束照射区宽度、表面均方根高度和表面分维数情况下的散射进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明了各参量的变化对散射分布的影响.根据仿真计算结果给出了最佳的散射测量区域,为减少多光束测量的误差提供了一定的参考.     

使用叠栅层析技术测量超音速风洞中的非对称复杂密度场

使用叠栅层析技术解决超音速风洞中复杂密度场的测量难题。应用高灵敏度叠栅偏折仪和间隔角度旋转模型的方法获取超音速风洞中流场的多方向叠栅条纹图。层析计算中使用一种新的偏折角修正迭代的叠栅层析算法,该方法可以实现对有限角采样和包含遮挡物的非完全数据重建,迭代过程中结合内边界平滑滤波提高重建精度。实验中获取了马赫数为2.52的超音速风洞中9幅不同采样角的条纹图,经过50次迭代计算后重建出膨胀波区非对称密度场的截面分布,并对测量结果和误差进行了分析和讨论。使用计算流体力学技术对该密度场进行建模和计算,验证了叠栅层析重建结果的正确性,证实了该技术在测量复杂流场领域的重要价值。     

γ-和δ-酮酸衍生物均相催化氢化研究进展

γ-和δ-酮酸衍生物是最重要的双官能团生物质平台化合物之一,如何高效地催化这些酮酸类化合物转化成相应的单一精细化学品是当今研究的难点.我们综述了金属有机配合物均相催化氢化γ-和δ-酮酸的最新进展,重点介绍了用于催化生产γ-和δ-羟基酸、酯、内酯、环醚等的均相催化剂的结构、活性、选择性和反应机理.     

Magnetron sputtering deposition of silicon nitride on polyimide separator for high-temperature lithium-ion batteries

To date,lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly significant in the application of portable devices and electrical vehicles,and revolutionary progress in theoretical research and industrial application has been achieved.However,the commercial polyolefin separators with unsatisfying electrolytes affinity and poor thermal stability have extremely restricted the further application of lithium-ion batteries,especially in the high-temperature fields.In this work,magnetron sputtering deposition technique is employed to modify the commercial polyimide separator by coating silicon nitride on both sides.Magnetron sputtering deposition modified polyimide(MSD-PI)composite separator shows high thermal stability and ionic conductivity.More importantly,compared with the cells using Celgard separator,the cells with MSD-PI separator exhibit superior electrochemical performance,especially long-term cycle performance under high temperature environment,owing to the high thermal conductivity of surface Si3 N4 particles.Hence,lithium-ion batteries with MSD-PI separator are capable of improving thermal safety and capacity retention,which demonstrates that magnetron sputtering deposition technique could be regarded as a promising strategy to develop advanced organic/inorganic composite separators for high-temperature lithium-ion batteries.