Infinite pressure behaviour of certain inverted type equations of state for solids

It is shown that a generalized version of inverted type equation of state (EOS) yields the recently proposed Saxena EOS [J. Phys. Chem. Solids 65 (2004) 1561] for a particular value of the parameter related to , the pressure derivative of bulk modulus at extreme compression. It is found that some other inverted type EOS due to earlier workers can also be derived from a generalized version. A common feature of the inverted equations considered in the present paper is that they yield negative values for . This is in strong contradiction and violation of the theory of infinite pressure extrapolation due to Stacey.     

Issues and Challenges for Middle School Mathematics Teachers in Inclusion Classrooms

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate typical middle school general education mathematics teachers' beliefs and knowledge of students with learning disabilities and inclusive instruction and to gain an understanding of the process of inclusion as it is implemented in middle school classrooms. In‐depth interviews, surveys, and classroom observations were conducted with seven teachers. The constant comparative method was used to analyze all interview and observation data. The findings reveal that even teachers who believe that inclusion is being successfully implemented are unclear about their responsibilities towards included students and the learning characteristics and specific mathematics teaching approaches that would be effective. The general educators feel that they were grossly under‐prepared during preservice and inservice for the realities of inclusion teaching. The study provides insights that can be used to enhance preservice and inservice programs for teachers and underscores the necessity for building teamwork and collaboration among general and special education middle school teachers.     

Dielectrophoretic transients effects on liquid stability

Effects of dielectrophoretic transients on stability ofn-pentane and methyl methacrylate have been experimentally studied. Dielectrophoretic transients have been found to demonstrate anomalous effects in methyl methacrylate. The effects are observed both on the application of electric field and its subsequent turning off to zero and are equal in magnitude and direction during both the operations. Results have been explained on the basis of the body forces acting on the dielectric in presence of a non-uniform electric field and a temperature gradient. Heater surface thermodynamics has been studied under controlled temperature and electric field gradients. A striking feature of the experiment is the application of a high voltage directly on the heater surface making the body force calculations more realistic.     

Non-equilibrium thermodynamic studies of electrokinetic effects: VII. Methanol + acetonitrile mixtures

Experimental results for the measurement of electro-osmosis and electro-osmotic pressure differences for methanol + acetonitrile (MeOHMeCN) mixtures (25% and 75% by volume) and a Pyrex sintered disc at temperatures 20 to 40°C and at voltages upto 320 V are reported. The data are analysed in the light of the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Attempts have been made to explore the domain of validity of linear phenomenological relations in the case of non-aqueous mixtures. The second order coefficients for these systems have been estimated from the measurements of electro-osmosis and electro-osmotic pressure differences.     

Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted hydantoins as possible anticonvulsants

Seven newer 1,3-disubstituted hydantoins ( 17–23 ) were synthesized from 4-alkoxyanilines. The anticonvulsant activity of these substituted hydantoins and their precursor carbamides ( 10–16 ) was reflected by their ability to provide 28–80% and 30–70% protection, respectively, against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. In general, substituted hydantoins possessed greater anticonvulsant activity than their corresponding precursor carbamides.     

Spectra and reactions of acetyl and acetylperoxy radicals

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the acetyl and acetylperoxy radicals have been characterized in the range 195–280 nm. The acetyl radical was generated by the flash photolysis of Cl₂ in the presence of CH₃CHO and was converted to the acetylperoxy radical in the presence of excess O₂. The extinction coefficient of the acetylperoxy radical was measured to be 2300 L/mol cm at the maximum at 207 nm and the rate constant for the reaction was evaluated to be k₅ = (4.8 ± 0.8) × 10⁹ L/mol s.     

Synthesis of 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted aryl-3-hydrazino-carbonylmethylthio-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as possible antiinflammatory agents

A series of 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted aryl-3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio-4H-1,2,4-triazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their antiprotolytic and antiinflammatory activities.     

Selective biocatalytic deacylation studies on furanose triesters: a novel and efficient approach towards bicyclonucleosides

Lipozyme TL IM catalyses the deacylation of 4-C-acyloxymethyl-3,5-di-O-acyl-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-L-threo-pentofuranose to form 3,5-di-O-acyl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-alpha-D-xylo-pentofuranose in a highly selective and efficient manner. The rate of lipase-catalyzed deacylation of tributanoyl furanose is 2.3 times faster than the rate of deacylation of the triacetyl furanose derivative. In order to confirm the structure of the lipase-catalyzed deacylated product, it was converted to a bicyclic sugar derivative, which can be used for the synthesis of bicyclic nucleosides of importance in the development of novel antisense and antigene oligonucleotides. Further, it has been established that the monohydroxy product of the lipase-catalyzed reaction is the result of selective deacylation of the 4-C-acyloxymethyl function in the substrate and not of any acyl migration process.     

Quantitative analysis of a proteome by N-terminal stable-isotope labelling of tryptic peptides

Covalent modification of peptides and proteins with compounds containing stable isotopes (isotope tagging) has become an essential tool to detect dynamic changes in the proteome following external or internal influence; however, using terminal amino groups for global isotope labelling of tryptic peptides is challenged by the similar reactivity of the amino groups of lysine residues. We describe a new quantitative method based on selective tagging of the terminal amino groups of tryptic peptides with pentafluorophenyl esters containing stable isotopes. The labelled peptides were resolved by two-dimensional nanoflow liquid chromatography on weak anion-exchange and reversed-phase columns and then identified and quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. The method was applied to compare the proteomes of plasma membranes from proliferating and differentiated human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and endosomes purified from the livers of rats stimulated with insulin and epidermal growth factor. The comparison of the results obtained by isotope tagging and biochemical assays demonstrate that global isotope tagging with pentafluorophenyl esters allows accurate quantification of complex protein samples.     

Transition metal-catalyzed orthogonal solid-phase decoration of the 2(1H)-pyrazinone scaffold using a sulfur linker

A new transition metal-catalyzed orthogonal solid-phase protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted 2(1H)-pyrazinones was developed, on the basis of Chan-Lam arylation and Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reactions. This strategy opens the way for the generation of small libraries of 2(1H)-pyrazinone analogues for biological screening.