8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative as a fluorescent chemosensor for zinc ion.

8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative 1 as a fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+ was synthesized. Because Cd2+ is often found with Zn2+ in the environment and can form fluorescent complexes with chelating fluorophores, a potentially important property of chemosensors for Zn2+ is their selectivity for Zn2+ over Cd2+. The Zn2+ or Cd2+ complexes of 1 gave an emission band from the 1:1 complex, but the fluorescence intensity for Cd2+ was a half of that for Zn2+. Ligand 1 is suited for use as a fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+.     

Interaction and arrangement of nitrogen and carbon atoms in fcc γ-iron

A Mössbauer effect measurement has been done for Fe?N, Fe?Al?C and Fe?Ni?C austenite in order to study the interaction between the interstitial atoms and their distribution among the octahedral sites of the fcc lattice, together with the influence of Al and Ni atoms. The spectra for Fe?N and Fe?Al?C austenite are decomposed into three components; one singlet γ₀, and two sets of doublet γ₁ and γ₂, with different quadrupole splittings, while no γ₂ component is found in the spectrum for Fe?Ni?C. By analyzing the component ratio in each spectrum, it is concluded that, in Fe?N and Fe?Al?C, the interaction between 2nd nearest neighboring nitrogen or carbon atoms is attractive, and is repulsive between 1st nearest for Fe?N, and that the interaction between 2nd nearest atoms is repulsive for Fe?Ni?C. By measuring the spectra of Fe?Ni?C in magnetic field, the sign of EFG for most of the γ₁ component is determined to be negative.     

Borel summability of divergent solutions for singular first-order partial differential equations with variable coefficients. Part I

This article part I and the forthcoming part II are concerned with the study of the Borel summability of divergent power series solutions for singular first-order linear partial differential equations of nilpotent type. Under one restriction on equations, we can divide them into two classes. In this part I, we deal with the one class and obtain the conditions under which divergent solutions are Borel summable. (The other class will be studied in part II.) In order to assure the Borel summability of divergent solutions, global analytic continuation properties for coefficients are required despite of the fact that the domain of the Borel sum is local.     

On the exponential Diophantine equation $$(3pm^2-1)^x+(p(p-3)m^2+1)^y=(pm)^z$$

Let m be a positive integer, and let p be a prime with \(p \equiv 1~(\mathrm{mod}~4).\) Then we show that the exponential Diophantine equation \((3pm^2-1)^x+(p(p-3)m^2+1)^y=(pm)^z\) has only the positive integer solution \((x, y, z)=(1, 1, 2)\) under some conditions. As a corollary, we derive that the exponential Diophantine equation \((15m^2-1)^x+(10m^2+1)^y=(5m)^z\) has only the positive integer solution \((x, y, z)=(1, 1, 2).\) The proof is based on elementary methods and Baker’s method.     

Residual stresses and warp generated by one-sided quench of an epoxy-resin beam

This paper discusses the warp and accompanying residual stress in a rectangular epoxy beam produced by water cooling its lower surface. First, the theoretical values of this warp and residual stress are obtained by the linear-viscoelastic theory. The specimen is then subjected to quenching. The variations in the warp are observed. After quenching, the residual stress is measured by a layer-removal method. The experimental and theoretical results are then compared and discussed.     

New synthesis of carbazole-1,4-quinone using a tandem ring-closing metathesis and dehydrogenation reaction under oxygen atmosphere, and its application to the synthesis of murrayaquinone A

A tandem ring-closing metathesis and dehydrogenation reaction under oxygen atmosphere was newly developed to the synthesis of carbazole-1,4-quinones. This new tandem reaction was applied to the synthesis of murrayaquinone A in four steps.     

Validated method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of contamination of the exterior surface of vials containing platinum anticancer drugs

Contamination of the exterior surface of vials of cytostatic drugs by the drugs themselves is a potential hazard to human health. This study developed a validated method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) for the determination of contamination of the exteriors of vials of cisplatin and carboplatin. Large Alpha^® sampling swabs were employed to wipe the vial exterior. Cisplatin or carboplatin and gold(III) as an internal standard were derivatized by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). Pt(DDTC)₃⁺ and Au(DDTC)₂⁺ were monitored by the respective transitions of m/z 639.3-490.9 and 493.0-345.0, respectively. Each separation was completed within 9 min using a 3 μm particle ODS-column. Calibration curves for cisplatin and carboplatin were linear over concentration ranges of 30-10,000 and 30-30,000 pg vial⁻¹, respectively. The accuracies and precisions were 96.1-102.5% and within 8.2% for intra-assay and 99.6-103.3% and within 7.6% for inter-assay, respectively. Their lower limit of quantification was 30 pg vial⁻¹. Amounts of 0.17-17.0 ng vial⁻¹ as cisplatin and 0.48-794 ng vial⁻¹ as carboplatin were detected from the exterior surface of the vials. This validated method using LC-ESI-MS/MS for the determination of platinum anticancer drugs is helpful for monitoring contamination of the exterior surface of drug vials.     

Determination of cyanide in blood by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after direct injection of dicyanogold

An electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS-MS) method has been developed for the determination of cyanide (CN^–) in blood. Five microliters of blood was hemolyzed with 50 μL of water, then 5 μL of 1 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution was added to raise the pH of the hemolysate and to liberate CN^– from methemoglobin. CN^– was then reacted with NaAuCl₄ to produce dicyanogold, Au(CN)₂^–, that was extracted with 75 μL of methyl isobutyl ketone. Ten microliters of the extract was injected directly into an ESI-MS-MS instrument and quantification of CN^– was performed by selected reaction monitoring of the product ion CN^– at m/z 26, derived from the precursor ion Au(CN)₂^– at m/z 249. CN^– could be measured in the quantification range of 2.60 to 260 μg/L with the limit of detection at 0.56 μg/L in blood. This method was applied to the analysis of clinical samples and the concentrations of CN^– in the blood were as follows: 7.13 ± 2.41 μg/L for six healthy non-smokers, 3.08 ± 1.12 μg/L for six CO gas victims, 730 ± 867 μg for 21 house fire victims, and 3,030 ± 97 μg/L for a victim who ingested NaCN. The increase of CN^– in the blood of a victim who ingested NaN₃ was confirmed using MS-MS for the first time, and the concentrations of CN^– in the blood, gastric content and urine were 78.5 ± 5.5, 11.8 ± 0.5, and 11.4 ± 0.8 μg/L, respectively.     

Layered assemblies of a dialuminum-substituted silicotungstate trimer and the reversible interlayer cation-exchange properties

Two polyoxometalate assemblies, TBA(9)[{γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)] (1; TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) and TBA(6)Li(3)[{γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)]·18H(2)O (2), were synthesized by trimerization of a dialuminum-substituted silicotungstate monomer. Both 1 and 2 possessed a layered structure composed of a basal sheet unit [TBA(3){γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)](6-) and interlayer cations. The interconversion between 1 and 2 reversibly took place through interlayer cation exchange.