DNA fastening and scission actions of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes: synthesis,spectral characterization and cytotoxic study

A heterocyclic compound, 2‐(aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrohydrochloride, was treated with nitrobenzaldehyde to form a Schiff base that was made to react with divalent metals. A co‐ligand, either 1,10‐phenanthroline or 2,2′‐bipyridine, was added to this mixture to obtain metal chelators of type [ML(co‐L)₂]Cl₂. They were in 1:1:2 stoichiometry ratio, which was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques that suggested an octahedral geometry around the central metal ions. These complexes were investigated for their binding affinities with calf thymus (CT) DNA, using various techniques, such as UV–Vis, viscosity, cyclic voltammetry (CV), etc. The binding interaction studies revealed intercalation as the possible binding mode of the complexes with the CT DNA. In addition, these complexes were screened for their antimicrobial potential and DNA denaturing tendencies using gel electrophoretic assay. The antimicrobial screening investigation showed that the complexes behaved as better antimicrobial agents than the ligand, especially, complex 5 shows exceptional activity even in the electrophoretic assay along with the antimicrobial efficacy. Moreover, complex 5 was able to denature the plasmid DNA better than the other compounds. All the compounds were screened for cytotoxic efficacy, and the IC₅₀ values suggest that the compounds possess cytotoxic activity to some extent that is almost the same as the activity of cisplatin.     

Fabrication of 105Y,Alpha 1‐Anti Trypsin Peptide Conjugated Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biological Applications

In this report, we describe the characterizations and applications of hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been synthesized by combination of organometallic, polymerization process and functionalized with a specific peptide for targeting expressed serpin‐enzyme complex (SEC) receptor of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. By using peptide conjugated hybrid nanoparticles, the specific receptor targeting, collections of cells were successfully achieved. The cell collection results indicated that, the maximum up to 95.32% of HepG2 cell were collected. The 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of HepG2 cells incubated with these nanoparticles indicated that, the peptide conjugated hybrid nanoparticles did not possess significant cytotoxicity. The rotating magnetic field induced cell death studies indicated that, the HepG2 cell showed up to 70% of cell death was induced by hybrid nanoparticles under magnetic field. Concluding, these studies demonstrate that the hybrid nanoparticles have the capability of effective separation, imaging, targeting and killing of the human hepatoma cells.     

Ritter Reaction with Cyclopropyl Ketones and Cyclopropyl Alcohols: Synthesis of N-Actyl- γ-Keto and N-Acyl Hohoallyl Amines

A variety of conjugated cyclopropyl ketones and cyclopropylcarbinyl alcohols were reacted with two nitriles viz. CH₃ CN and CH₂[dbnd]CH-CN in presence of cone. H₂ SO₄. It was found that with appropriate substitutions cyclopropyl ketones gave N-Acyl-γ-keto amines whereas cyclopropylcarbinyl alcohols gave the corresponding N-Acyl homoallylic amines in reasonably good yields. The olefins obtained had E-stereo-chemistry. With bicyclic cyclopropylcarbinyl alcohols the ring expanded products were formed. A plausible rationale is provided to account for these observations     

Rapid four-component reactions in water: synthesis of pyranopyrazoles

An environmentally benign four-component reaction in aqueous medium at room temperature has been developed for the synthesis of 6-amino-5-cyano-3-methyl-4-aryl/heteroaryl-2H,4H-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles.     

New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria sp. SCSIO KcF6 derived of mangrove plant Kandelia candel

Two new phenyl derivatives (1 and 3), along with two new natural products (4 and 5), and three known compounds (2, 6 and 7), were isolated from an endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria sp. SCSIO KcF6. The structures of these compounds 1–7 were elucidated by the extensive 1D and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS Data analysis, and compared with those of reported data. The absolute configuration of the compounds 1 and 3 were assigned by optical rotation and CD data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory (COX-2) and antimicrobial activities. Compound 3 exhibited a specific COX-2 inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 1.12 μM.     

Co-crystal structures of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine – 4-chlorobenzoic acid/4-methoxybenzoic acid: Synthesis,structural and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The co-crystal structure of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine with 4-chlorobenzoic acid/4-methoxybenzoic acid molecules are explain the link between the dimension and shape of their hydrogen-bonded assembly. The co-crystal structure of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine with 4-chlorobenzoic acid/4-methoxybenzoic acid forming a cyclic R₂²(8) ring motif via N–H?O and O–H?N hydrogen bonding interactions, to form a supramolecular heterosynthon. In both the co-crystal structures, self-association of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine moieties are connected via N-H^….N base pairs with cyclic R₂²(8) motif form a supramolecular homosynthon. In co-crystal II, the centrosymmetrically paired methoxy group of 4-methoxy benzoic acid form a supramolecular homosynthon via weak intermolecular C-H^….O hydrogen bonds, generating R₂²(6) ring motif. Both the co-crystal structures are stabilized by weak aromatic π-π and C—Cl???π stacking interactions. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots were used to study the intermolecular interactions both of the crystal structures.     

Structural,spectroscopic properties and theoretical studies of (E)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one as a potential anti-oxidant agent

The new chalcone compound namely (E)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (C₁₈H₁₇BrO₄) is crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system of P2₁/c space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 8.0753 (10) Å, b = 21.873 (3) Å, c = 9.3362 (12) Å, α = 90°, β = 99.369 (2), γ = 90° and Z = 4. The single crystal was grown using slow evaporation solution growth technique. The newly synthesized compound was characterized by using IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, UV-Vis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Quantum chemical method of Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) has been employed to study the structural and spectral properties of the compound. The electronic absorption spectrum was calculated using the time dependent functional theory (TDDFT) method. The most stable conformer of the title chalcone is identified from the computational results. Hirshfeld surface analysis with fingerprint plots has been used as a graphical tool for visualization and understanding of intermolecular interactions. Intermolecular C?H····O interaction observed stabilize the crystal structure, forming an infinite one dimensional column. The effect of this intermolecular interaction in the solid state can be seen in the difference between the experimental and the theoretically optimized geometrical parameters. The crystal is transparent in the entire visible region and absorptive in the UV region. Information about the size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecule has been obtained by mapping electron potential (MEP). The other molecular properties like charge transfer are explain using Mulliken population analysis. The antioxidant test indicated that the 2,3,4-trimethoxy substitution on the bromide chalcone to be one of the favorable modification to enhance its metal chelating activity.     

Physico-Chemical Properties of Alkali-Treated Acacia leucophloea Fibers

The attractive properties of raw Acacia leucophloea fibers (ALFs) resulted in this present study evaluating the physio-chemical properties of alkali-treated ALFs. The treatment of raw ALFs with 5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution with 45 min soaking time was found to be optimum. It was found that optimally treated ALFs had relatively higher tensile strength (357–1809 MPa), Young’s modulus (10.45–87.57 GPa), and percentage of elongation (1.91–5.88%) and high thermal stability. The optimally treated ALFs had high cellulose (76.69 wt.%) and low hemicellulose (3.81 wt.%) and lignin (13.67 wt.%) contents and higher crystallinity index (74.27%), as evidenced by the results of chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses.