Non-specular reflection of self-collimated beams in photonic-crystal-made prism and waveguide system

We demonstrate a dual-beam-reflection phenomenon for a Gaussian beam illuminating at a Kretschmann configuration composed of a photonic-crystal-made prism and a dielectric waveguide. One reflection beam has a positive shift and the other has a negative shift. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) shows that the specific phenomenon takes place only when the corresponding quasi-guided mode supported in the Kretschmann configuration is excited. Field profile of the quasi-guided mode demonstrates a strong localized stationary field in the dielectric waveguide. We found that the maximum positive lateral shift (LS) is 14.27a (where a is the lattice constant), corresponding to 3.07 times of the incident wavelength, which is 0.7135 times of the beam waist and much larger than that in some previous reports.     

Copper-and Silver-Mediated Cyanation of Aryl Iodides Using DDQ as Cyanide Source

A new copper and silver‐mediated cyanation of aryl iodides with DDQ as a cyanide source is achieved, providing nitriles with good yields. This new approach represents a safe method leading to aryl nitriles.     

氮掺杂长竹节状碳纳米管的制备及其生长机理

本文采用电弧放电法,通过阳极棒与不锈钢片的共蒸发,制备了氮掺杂长竹节状碳纳米管。借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、场发射高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）及其附带能量色散X射线（EDX）光谱仪和电子能量损失谱（EELS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等表征方法,对产物的形貌、结构和组成进行表征。表征结果表明,氮掺杂长竹节状碳纳米管的长度在640~835nm之间,其内径在23~35nm之间,外径在28~47nm之间;且在每一节“竹节”与另一节“竹节”的连接处形成的内腔中均有一个黑色纳米颗粒,其直径尺寸以及产物中的氮掺杂长竹节状碳纳米管的含量均与熔化、蒸发的不锈钢片的面积有关。本文还对氮掺杂长竹节状碳纳米管的生长机理进行了简单的探讨。     

基于4-(2,4-二羧基苯氧基)邻苯二甲酸配体的锌配位聚合物的合成、结构及其荧光传感性能

基于H₄dpa和bpy(H₄dpa=4-(2,4-二羧基苯氧基)邻苯二甲酸,bpy=4,4''-联吡啶)为配体,在水热条件下设计、合成了金属锌配位聚合物(Zn-CP)[Zn(H₂dpa)(bpy)_1.5]_n (1),并用元素分析、红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射等对其进行了结构表征。在1中相邻Zn²⁺与H₂dpa^2-离子和bpy配位形成的一维双链结构,相邻的一维双链通过氢键作用扩展形成三维超分子网结构。荧光研究表明:1是一种灵敏度高、选择性好、多响应的荧光传感器,可用于农药和硝基爆炸物的检测。有趣的是,2,4,6-三硝基苯(TNP)和嘧霉胺(Pth)对1的荧光发射显示出明显的猝灭效果,而抑霉唑(Ima)对1有荧光增强效果。此外,通过紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光寿命以及X射线光电子能谱探究了1的荧光传感机理。     

ZnII and CuII complexes generated from 5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐3‐[2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione

A new 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐containing bispyridyl ligand, namely 5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐3‐[2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione (L), has been used to create the novel complexes tetranitratobis{μ‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐3‐[2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione}zinc(II), [Zn₂(NO₃)₄(C₁₄H₁₂N₄OS)₂], (I), and catena‐poly[[[dinitratocopper(II)]‐bis{μ‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐3‐[2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione}] nitrate acetonitrile sesquisolvate dichloromethane sesquisolvate], {[Cu(NO₃)(C₁₄H₁₂N₄OS)₂]NO₃·1.5CH₃CN·1.5CH₂Cl₂}_n, (II). Compound (I) presents a distorted rectangular centrosymmetric Zn₂L₂ ring (dimensions 9.56 × 7.06 Å), where each Zn^II centre lies in a {ZnN₂O₄} coordination environment. These binuclear zinc metallocycles are linked into a two‐dimensional network through nonclassical C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The resulting sheets lie parallel to the ac plane. Compound (II), which crystallizes as a nonmerohedral twin, is a coordination polymer with double chains of Cu^II centres linked by bridging L ligands, propagating parallel to the crystallographic a axis. The Cu^II centres adopt a distorted square‐pyramidal CuN₄O coordination environment with apical O atoms. The chains in (II) are interlinked via two kinds of π–π stacking interactions along [01]. In addition, the structure of (II) contains channels parallel to the crystallographic a direction. The guest components in these channels consist of dichloromethane and acetonitrile solvent molecules and uncoordinated nitrate anions.     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of three carbamate pesticides in water samples

A simple, rapid and efficient method, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), has been developed for the determination of three carbamate pesticides (methomyl, carbofuran and carbaryl) in water samples. In this extraction process, a mixture of 35 µL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 1.0 mL acetonitrile (disperser solvent) was rapidly injected into the 5.0 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes. After centrifuging (5 min at 4000 rpm), the fine droplets of chlorobenzene were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. Sedimented phase (20 µL) was injected into the HPLC for analysis. Some important parameters, such as kind and volume of extraction and disperser solvent, extraction time and salt addition were investigated and optimised. Under the optimum extraction condition, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries ranged from 148% to 189% and 74.2% to 94.4%, respectively. The methods yielded a linear range in the concentration from 1 to 1000 µg L^?1 for carbofuran and carbaryl, 5 to 1000 µg L^?1 for methomyl, and the limits of detection were 0.5, 0.9 and 0.1 µg L^?1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for the extraction of 500 µg L^?1 carbamate pesticides were in the range of 1.8–4.6% (n = 6). This method could be successfully applied for the determination of carbamate pesticides in tap water, river water and rain water.     

Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots: A Facile and General Preparation Method,Photoluminescence Investigation,and Imaging Applications

Carbon dots (Cdots) are an important probe for imaging and sensing applications because of their fluorescence property, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. However, complex procedures and strong acid treatment are often required and Cdots suffer from low photoluminescence (PL) emission. Herein, a facile and general strategy using carbonization of precursors and then extraction with solvents is proposed for the preparation of nitrogen‐doped Cdots (N‐Cdots) with 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐L ‐alanine (L ‐DOPA), L ‐histidine, and L ‐arginine as precursor models. After they are heated, the precursors become carbonized. Nitrogen‐doped Cdots are subsequently extracted into N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) from the carbogenic solid. A core–shell structure of Cdots with a carbon core and the oxygen‐containing shell was observed. Nitrogen has different forms in N‐Cdots and oxidized N‐Cdots. The doped nitrogen and low oxidation level in N‐Cdots improve their emission significantly. The N‐Cdots show an emission with a nitrogen‐content‐dependent intensity and Cdot‐size‐dependent emission‐peak wavelength. Imaging of HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line, and HepG2 cells, a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma line, was observed with high resolution using N‐Cdots as a probe and validates their use in imaging applications and their multicolor property in the living cell system.     

锂参与合成MOF-5用于CO2/CH4混合气体分离

利用溶剂热法合成了不同锂含量的MOF-5(xLi-MOF-5, x=0, 1, 3, 5).在MOF-5结晶过程中,锂离子被合并入其骨架结构中.实验表明,合并入骨架的锂能够改变MOF-5的结构和表面化学性质.不同的xLi-MOF-5能够不同程度降低骨架相互穿插的程度从而导致其吸附分离能力的大幅改变.其中,3Li-MOF-5具有最高的二氧化碳捕获能力(5.47 mmol·g^-1),对40% CO₂/60% CH₄混合气体具有最优吸附选择性.