Mechanochemical Dimerization of Aldoximes to Furoxans

Solvent-free mechanical milling is a new, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology that is now widely used in the field of organic synthesis. The mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of furoxans from aldoximes was achieved through dimerization of the in situ generated nitrile oxides in the presence of sodium chloride, Oxone and a base. A variety of furoxans was obtained with up to a 92% yield. The present protocol has the advantages of high reaction efficiency and mild reaction conditions.     

Adaptive thermo-fluid moving boundary computations for interfacial dynamics

In this study,we present adaptive moving boundary computation technique with parallel implementation on a distributed memory multi-processor system for large scale thermo-fluid and interfacial flow computations.The solver utilizes Eulerian-Lagrangian method to track moving(Lagrangian) interfaces explicitly on the stationary(Eulerian) Cartesian grid where the flow fields are computed.We address the domain decomposition strategies of Eulerian-Lagrangian method by illustrating its intricate complexity of the computation involved on two different spaces interactively and consequently,and then propose a trade-off approach aiming for parallel scalability.Spatial domain decomposition is adopted for both Eulerian and Lagrangian domain due to easy load balancing and data locality for minimum communication between processors.In addition,parallel cell-based unstructured adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) technique is implemented for the flexible local refinement and even-distributed computational workload among processors.Selected cases are presented to highlight the computational capabilities,including Faraday type interfacial waves with capillary and gravitational forcing,flows around varied geometric configurations and induced by boundary conditions and/or body forces,and thermo-fluid dynamics with phase change.With the aid of the present techniques,large scale challenging moving boundary problems can be effectively addressed.     

Structural properties of inner amenable groups

For infinite discrete groups, Effros introduced the notion of inner amenability which gives a new classification of discrete groups. The inner amenability is a considerably weaker condition than amenability, but closely related to the quite deep property Γ of groups. In this paper the author investigates the structures of inner amenable groups by theoretical set theory. A sequence of characterizations of inner amenable groups is given here by developing the well-known Folner's conditions for amenable locally compact groups. This work is partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

A specific enzyme electrode for L-phenylalanine

A specific enzyme electrode procedure is described for the rapid assay of L-phenyl- alanine. The enzyme L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase is used, which cleaves L-phenyl-alanine to ammonia. The ammonia liberated is measured with an air-gap electrode. The procedure is specific; L-tyrosine and other amino acids do not interfere, nor do Na⁺ or K⁺ ions. As little as 5 · 10^-5 M L-phenylalanine can be determined.     

Eta1 and eta2 complexes of lambda3-1,2,4,6-thiatriazinyls with CpCr(CO)x

The title heterocyclic radicals coordinate to either 17e CpCr(CO)3 or 15e CpCr(CO)2 moieties as one-electron or as three-electron donors, respectively; in the former the bonding is via the perpendicular p orbital of the sulfur atom, while in the latter bonding is via p(pi) orbitals on both sulfur and nitrogen.     

Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/epoxy resin nano-prepreg for nanocomposites

The surface carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified to generate functional reactors by using the sonicication method to distribute CNTs evenly among epoxy resin, which was prepared into nano-prepreg with carbon fibers. Additionally, based on various proportions of modified and unmodified CNTs, the mechanical properties and conductivities of the composite, as well as, the characteristics of material subjected to various temperature conditions were investigated. Experimental results indicate that increasing CNT content enhances the mechanical strength and electrical properties. At various temperatures, the mechanical strength drops with increase in temperature because different expansion coefficients differ between fiber and epoxy resin. Finally, the failure surface of nanocomposite was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally we provide a discussion of the failure mechanism of the material.     

Consistency analysis of the spectrum and prosody within a syllable for Mandarin speech

This work presents a study of Mandarin speech focusing on consistency analysis of the spectrum and prosody within syllables. Identified as a result of inspection of the human pronunciation process, this consistency can be interpreted as a high correlation between the warping curves of the spectrum and the prosody intra a syllable. The consistency analysis consisted of three steps. First, the hidden Markov model algorithm was used to decode the hidden Markov model‐state sequences within a syllable, while at the same time dividing them into three segments. Second, based on a designated syllable, the vector quantization (VQ) with the Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm was employed to train the VQ codebooks of the prosodic vector of each segment. Third, the prosodic vector of each segment was encoded as an index using the VQ codebooks, and then, to analyze the consistency, the probability of each possible path was evaluated as a prerequisite. Finally, two syllables were used as examples to verify the consistency property found in the experiments. It is demonstrated experimentally that there is definitely consistency in the case where the syllable is located in exactly the same word. These results offer a research direction in that the warping process between the spectrum and the prosody intra a syllable must be considered in text‐to‐speech systems to improve the synthesized speech quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The utilization of silver salts of aromatic thiols as core materials of SERS‐based molecular sensors

Silver salts of aromatic thiols are one class of organic–inorganic heterostructured materials, showing peculiar photoreaction characteristics. When an argon ion laser is exposed to silver benzenethiolate (AgBT), for instance, its Raman spectrum changes over time, eventually becoming the same as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of benzenethiol on a roughened Ag substrate. AgBT and its analogs can thus be used as a core material of molecular sensors operating via SERS; we demonstrate this specifically, by monitoring the SERS peaks of BT, in which biotinylated AgBT selectively recognizes streptavidin molecules down to concentrations of 10⁻¹¹ g ml⁻¹ (i.e. ∼0.2 pM ). Since numerous silver thiolates can be used as the core material, multiple bioassays are readily accomplished using the present methodology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非对称铺层复合材料层合板质量优化设计

复合材料广泛应用于航空航天等领域,追求轻量化设计已经成为研究重点.对复合材料层合板质量优化设计,可以减少层合板的纤维用量,减小层合板的质量,降低成本.首先研究复合材料层合板在承受轴向载荷时,产生的形变量、应力示意图,分析容易发生失效部位;以层合板铺层厚度为设计变量,最大应变、铺层比例等为约束条件,最小化层合板质量为优化...     

ICP微等离子体射流在快速成形制造中的应用

本文开展了大气压甚高频感应耦合(ICP)微等离子体射流的特性与应用研究.在150 MHz甚高频,功率为90 W条件下获得温度高达上千度的温热等离子体射流,射流长度近3 cm.随着气流量的增加射流将呈现层流到湍流的转变,长度先增后减;而功率对于射流长度的影响存在着一个上限,当等离子体吸收的能量与扩散损失的能量达到平衡时,射流长度将达到最大.利用这种ICP微等离子体射流进行了微尺寸金属铜的快速成形制造,得到了球冠状和柱状铜金属件.在扫描电子显微镜下观察到沉积物表面最小颗粒尺寸远小于铜粉颗粒;X射线衍射结果显示沉积物表面存在弱氧化物峰,这是沉积过程中空气被射流卷入所致.