Higgs bosons in the standard model,the MSSM and beyond

I summarize the basic theory and selected phenomenology for the Higgs boson(s) of the standard model, the minimal supersymmetric model and some extensions thereof, including the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model.     

Non-linear polarization and chiral effects in birefringent solitons

Novel effects resulting from joint action of chirality and non-linearity are discussed using a basic equation describing the temporal evolution of fields in a chiral medium with Kerr non-linearity. The spatial chirality effect is characterized through the Born-Fedorov formalism. Our simulations are based on the split-step Fourier method and the solution of the Stokes parameters. The numerical results show the chiral effect on solitons with circular polarization and mixed polarization spatial solitons.     

Numerical calculation of cutoff frequencies of optical fibers by a variational technique

A numerical method for calculating cutoff frequencies of modes of weakly guiding optical fibers is described. Starting from a properly constructed field representation, the method follows a variational approach to obtain an eigenvalue problem for the cutoff frequencies which can be easily solved by a standard numerical routine. The field representation uses an expansion in terms of the Laguerre–Gauss functions in the fiber core and limiting form for small arguments of modified Bessel functions in the fiber cladding. Fibers with power-law refractive index profiles and fibers with a profile showing a dip on the axis are analyzed. Results obtained for modes of arbitrary order (both azimuthal and radial) show that our method is very efficient and accurate.     

Phenomenological applications of<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript>T</Subscript>factorization

We discuss applications of the perturbative QCD approach in the exclusive non-leptonic two-bodyB-meson decays. We briefly review its ingredients and some important theoretical issues on the factorization approach. PQCD results are compatible with present experimental data for charmless B-meson decays. We predict the possibility of large direct CP asymmetry in B⁰ → π⁺π⁻ (23 +7%) and B⁰ →K ⁺π⁻ (− 17 ± 5%). We also investigate the branching ratios, CP asymmetry and isospin symmetry breaking in radiativeB →(K*/ρ)γ decays.     

Temperature dependent small-angle neutron scattering of CTABr—magnetic fluid emulsion

Small-angle neutron scattering studies have been carried out to check the structural integrity of citryltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) micelles in a magnetic fluid for different magnetic fluid concentrations at two different temperatures 303 and 333 K. It is found that the CTABr micelles grow with increasing magnetic fluid concentration and there is a decrease in the micellar size with increase in temperature.     

Electron cyclotron resonance heating in a short cylindrical plasma system

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma is produced and studied in a small cylindrical system. Microwave power is delivered by a CW magnetron at 2.45 GHz in TE¹⁰ mode and launched radially to have extraordinary (X) wave in plasma. The axial magnetic field required for ECR in the system is such that the first two ECR surfaces (B = 875.0 G andB = 437.5 G) reside in the system. ECR plasma is produced with hydrogen with typical plasma density n^e as 3.2 × 10¹⁰ cm^-3 and plasma temperature T^e between 9 and 15 eV. Various cut-off and resonance positions are identified in the plasma system. ECR heating (ECRH) of the plasma is observed experimentally. This heating is because of the mode conversion of X-wave to electron Bernstein wave (EBW) at the upper hybrid resonance (UHR) layer. The power mode conversion efficiency is estimated to be 0.85 for this system. The experimental results are presented in this paper.     

Structural study and electrical properties of Zr-doped Nd<Subscript>2</Subscript>Sn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> pyrochlore compounds

Nd₂Sn₂O₇ pyrochlores with the substitution of Zr⁴⁺ were prepared by conventional ceramic double sintering technique. The single-phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction techniques. Relative intensity calculations for X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for oxygen positional parametersx = 0.331 and 0.375, while Rietveld refinements were employed for neutron diffraction data. The neutron diffraction study revealed that there are only two anion sites with 48f and 8b positions. This indicates that the 8a site, i.e. O(3) sublattice, is completely vacant and the structure is a perfect cubic pyrochlore with space group Fd3m (O _h ⁷ ). From the conductivity measurements, it is observed that the electronic conductivity dominates from room temperature up to about 525 K and forT > 525 K, the oxygen ion conduction dominates the charge transport in these compositions. Complex impedance spectroscopy indicates the existence of grain and grain boundary as two separate elements.     

Einstein<Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>-coefficients for rotational transitions in the ring-chain isomer of C<Subscript>5</Subscript>H<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Laboratory formation of four isomers of C⁵H² molecule is reported and detection of the ring-chain isomer (isomer 1) of C₅H₂ in cosmic objects has been suggested. For identification of a molecule in cosmic objects, one of the required input data is EinsteinA-coefficients (radiative transition probabilities) for the molecule. Here, we report EinsteinA-coefficients for electric dipole transitions in the ring-chain isomer of C₅H₂ among the rotational levels of the ground electronic and ground vibrational states up to 21 cm⁻¹.     

A Color Appearance Model Applicable in Mesopic Vision

We propose a color vision model that can be used to predict color appearance in mesopic vision as well as photopic and scotopic vision. It is based on a two-stage model which consists of the cone and opponent stages and it assumes rod intrusion at the opponent stage. The model has the following features to describe the color appearance in mesopic vision. First, it includes a gradual and nonlinear shift in spectral luminous efficiency from V (LD) to V (LD) to cope with the spectral sensitivity difference between photopic and scotopic vision and the nonlinearity of rod influence on the luminance channel. Second, the model assumes decrease of the chromatic component with decreasing illuminance to explain the reduction of saturation at low illuminance levels. Third, it assumes that red/green and yellow/blue components change with illuminance levels independently, thus explaining hue shifts with decreasing illuminance. We applied the model for color appearance simulation of natural scenes in a mesopic visual environment.     

Actively mode-locked dual-wavelength fiber laser with close wavelength spacing using a fiber Bragg grating

A simple actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and successfully demonstrated to generate dual-wavelength picosecond pulses with close wavelength spacing using one Bragg grating in standard single-mode fiber. The proposed laser can be made to operate in stable dual-wavelength at room temperature, due to the birefringence characteristic of the FBG induced by transverse strain. Transverse strain loading on the FBG allows the wavelength spacing to be controlled. Generation of stable dual-wavelength pulses with a pulsewidth of 212–234 ps and a tunable wavelength separation from 0.2 to 0.44 nm at a pulse rate of 1.05 GHz was demonstrated.