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181.
The system BaF2/AlF3 is investigated by X-ray and D.T.A., and the liquid-solid phase diagram is established. Five ternary fluorides are disclosed: trimorphic BaAlF5, Ba3Al2F12, Ba5AlF19, polymorphic Ba3AlF9 and Ba5AlF13. Neutron thermodiffractometry experiments are performed to specify some parts of the diagram. The cell parameters of the fluorides are given and the results are discussed and compared with those of the previous works. 相似文献
182.
This paper is concerned with idealizing brownian motion as a random walk, using the diffusion equation, and finding the boundary condition at an absorbing surface - all with an eye towards chemical kinetics. Three models of random walk (due to Smoluchowski, Fermi, and Lorentz) are considered, and it is concluded that the lorentzian model is the most appropriate. 相似文献
183.
Yu. A. Simonov N. V. Gérbéléu P. N. Bourosh V. B. Arion A. D. Garnovskii A. N. Sobolev V. A. Alekseenko 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》1990,31(2):365-369
Institute for Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Nat. Research Institute for Physics and Organic Chemistry, Rostov State University. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 199–202, 1990. 相似文献
184.
Nielsen UG Topsøe NY Brorson M Skibsted J Jakobsen HJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(15):4926-4933
The first observations of the complete manifold of spinning sidebands (ssbs) including both the central and satellite transitions in (51)V MAS NMR spectra of surface vanadia nanoparticles on titania in DeNO(x) catalysts are presented. (51)V quadrupole coupling and chemical shift anisotropy parameters for the dominating vanadia structure are determined from (51)V MAS NMR spectra recorded at 9.4 and 14.1 T. Based on correlations previously established between (51)V NMR parameters and crystal structure data for inorganic vanadates, the NMR data are consistent with vanadium in a distorted octahedral oxygen coordination environment for the so-called strongly bonded vanadia species on the surface. The investigation includes two vanadia-titania model catalysts and six industrial-type DeNO(x) catalysts. 相似文献
185.
Reactivities of homogeneous series of ethylenic compounds R1CHCH21, trans R1CHCHMe 2, R1MeCCH23 and R1CHCMe24 have been measured in methanol at 25°C (R1 Me, Et, n-Pr, -CH2C6H5-CH2OCOCH3, -CH2Cl). The criterion developed to decide between a bridged and a carbonium ion-like transition state is based on an internal comparison of the series and avoids resorting to external structural scales. Even in the case of alkenes 3 and 4 which are very dissymmetric with respect to polarity, the sensitivity to polar effects remains constant and the transition state behaves like a symmetric entity; only a slight secondary effect, attributed to hyperconjugation, is detectable. 相似文献
186.
187.
Pittelkow M Nielsen CB Broeren MA van Dongen JL van Genderen MH Meijer EW Christensen JB 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(17):5126-5135
Host-guest interactions between the periphery of adamantylurea-functionalized dendrimers (host) and ureido acetic acid derivatives (guest) were shown to be specific, strong and spatially well-defined. The binding becomes stronger when using phosphonic or sulfonic acid derivatives. In the present work we have quantified the binding constants for the host-guest interactions between two different host motifs and six different guest molecules. The host molecules, which resemble the periphery of a poly(propylene imine) dendrimer, have been fitted with an anthracene-based fluorescent probe. The two host motifs differ in terms of the length of the spacer between a tertiary amine and two ureido functionalities. The guest molecules all contain an acidic moiety (either a carboxylic acid, a phosphonic acid, or a sulfonic acid) and three of them also contain an ureido moiety capable of forming multiple hydrogen bonds to the hosts. The binding constants for all 12 host-guest complexes have been determined by using fluorescence titrations by monitoring the increase in fluorescence of the host upon protonation by the addition of the guest. The binding constants could be tuned by changing the design of the acidic part of the guest. The formation of hydrogen bonds gives, in all cases, higher association constants, demonstrating that the host is more than a proton sensor. The host with the longer spacer (propyl) shows higher association constants than the host with the shorter spacer (ethyl). The gain in association constants are higher when the urea function is added to the guests for the host with the longer spacer, indicating a better fit. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (CID-MS) is used to study the stability of the six motifs using the corresponding third generation dendrimer. A similar trend is found when the six different guests are compared. 相似文献
188.
Development of quantitative vitellogenin-ELISAs for fish test species used in endocrine disruptor screening 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nilsen BM Berg K Eidem JK Kristiansen SI Brion F Porcher JM Goksøyr A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,378(3):621-633
The yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (Vtg) in plasma has proved to be a simple and sensitive biomarker for assessing exposure of fish to environmental estrogens. Within international bodies such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) work is ongoing to develop screening and testing programmes for endocrine disrupting effects of new chemicals, and in the focus of this development are the fish test species common carp (Cyprinus carpio), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In this study we have developed quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for Vtg in common carp/fathead minnow, zebrafish and Japanese medaka. The assays were developed using a combination of monoclonal and polyclonal fish Vtg antibodies in a sandwich format, using stabilized Vtg from the test species as a standard. The carp Vtg ELISA has a working range of 1–63 ng/mL, a minimal detection limit of 0.6 ng/mL, and may also be used for quantification of Vtg in fathead minnow. In fathead minnow whole-body homogenate samples, the practical detection limit is 400 ng/mL due to the matrix effect. The zebrafish Vtg ELISA has a working range of 0.5–63 ng/mL, a minimal detection limit of 0.4 ng/mL, and a practical detection limit of 200 ng/mL in whole-body homogenate samples. The medaka Vtg ELISA has a working range of 0.25–16 ng/mL, a minimal detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, and a practical detection limit of 125 ng/mL in whole-body homogenate samples. The intra- and inter-assay variations were below 20% for all assays. The assays were evaluated with sets of representative samples spanning the wide dynamic range of Vtg-levels found in fish exposed to environmental estrogens, and all three assays are currently undergoing international inter-laboratory validation. 相似文献
189.
In this study, the Schiff base ligands H2L1–H2L3 and their CuII, CoII, NiII, FeIII RuIII and VOIV complexes have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. All the complexes are mononuclear.
Keto-enol tautomeric forms of the ligands have been investigated in polar and apolar solvents. The ligands favor the keto-form
in the C7H8 and C6H14. The C–C coupling reaction of the 2,6-di-t-butylphenol has been investigated by the CoII and CuII complexes. Thermal properties of the complexes have been assessed using thermal techniques and similar properties were found.
In the FeIII and RuIII complexes, firstly, the coordinated water molecule is lost from the complex; in the second step, the chloride ion leaves
the molecule in the 300–350 °C temperature range. Finally, the complexes decompose to the appropriate metal oxide at the higher
temperature ranges. The electrochemical properties of the complexes have been studied in the two different solvents (DMF and
CH3CN). 相似文献
190.
E. Czárán O. V. Bragin M. Dobrovolszky Z. Karpinskii Z. Paál P. Tétényi 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1977,7(2):211-218
Electron microscopic studies reveal that repeated air/hydrogen regeneration cycles cause irreversible structural changes of a Pt/C catalyst involving sintering and migration of the platinum over the support. This is reflected by a serious decrease of the catalytic activity. With hydrogen treatment only, these effects are less significant.
, / Pt/C, . . .相似文献