全文获取类型
收费全文 | 240篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 157篇 |
数学 | 21篇 |
物理学 | 65篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
1927年 | 1篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
1917年 | 1篇 |
1910年 | 3篇 |
1909年 | 1篇 |
1908年 | 1篇 |
1905年 | 4篇 |
1904年 | 2篇 |
1903年 | 2篇 |
1902年 | 2篇 |
1900年 | 1篇 |
1890年 | 4篇 |
1884年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Fontaine-Gautrelet C Krafft JM Djéga-Mariadassou G Thomas C 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(20):10075-10081
The low-temperature adsorption of N(2) on Rh/SiO(2) samples of various particle-size distributions was followed by FTIR. The addition of O(2) pulses on Rh(0) surfaces saturated with chemisorbed N(2) allowed us to reassign stretching frequencies attributed originally to N(2)-Rh(0) to N(2)-Rh(delta+). The formation of the latter oxidized Rh species is assumed to be induced by an electron withdrawal from adsorbed oxygen species on Rh surface centers neighboring those onto which N(2) species are chemisorbed. The present work, thus, enables us to delimit ranges of frequencies for which the adsorption of N(2) can be considered to occur on either Rh(0) or Rh(delta+) centers for nu(N2) lower or higher than 2243 cm(-1), respectively. The N(2)-FTIR experiments performed on the studied catalysts also suggest a lattice plane selectivity for N(2) adsorption on metallic Rh planes of different natures which, to our knowledge, has not been reported yet for Rh. 相似文献
42.
Cletus A D'Souza Vikramjit Chopra Richard Varhol Yuan-Yun Xie Slavita Bohacec Yongjun Zhao Lisa LC Lee Mikhail Bilenky Elodie Portales-Casamar An He Wyeth W Wasserman Daniel Goldowitz Marco A Marra Robert A Holt Elizabeth M Simpson Steven JM Jones 《BMC neuroscience》2008,9(1):1-14
Background
We have recorded responses from single neurons in murine visual cortex to determine the effectiveness of the input from the two murine cone photoreceptor mechanisms and whether there is any unique selectivity for cone inputs at this higher region of the visual system that would support the possibility of colour vision in mice. Each eye was stimulated by diffuse light, either 370 (strong stimulus for the ultra-violet (UV) cone opsin) or 505 nm (exclusively stimulating the middle wavelength sensitive (M) cone opsin), obtained from light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the presence of a strong adapting light that suppressed the responses of rods.Results
Single cells responded to these diffuse stimuli in all areas of striate cortex. Two types of responsive cells were encountered. One type (135/323 – 42%) had little to no spontaneous activity and responded at either the on and/or the off phase of the light stimulus with a few impulses often of relatively large amplitude. A second type (166/323 – 51%) had spontaneous activity and responded tonically to light stimuli with impulses often of small amplitude. Most of the cells responded similarly to both spectral stimuli. A few (18/323 – 6%) responded strongly or exclusively to one or the other spectral stimulus and rarely in a spectrally opponent manner.Conclusion
Most cells in murine striate cortex receive excitatory inputs from both UV- and M-cones. A small fraction shows either strong selectivity for one or the other cone mechanism and occasionally cone opponent responses. Cells that could underlie chromatic contrast detection are present but extremely rare in murine striate cortex. 相似文献43.
Dr. Wasim Abuillan Dr. Mariam Veschgini Salomé Mielke Dr. Akihisa Yamamoto Xianhe Liu Dr. Oleg Konovalov Prof. Dr. Marie Pierre Krafft Prof. Dr. Motomu Tanaka 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(6):898-904
The structure and lateral correlation of fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon tetrablock di(F10Hm) domains at the air/water interface have been determined by quantitative analysis of grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) data. The measured GISAXS signals can be well represented by the full calculation of the form and structure factors. The form factor suggests that di(F10Hm) domains take a hemiellipsoid shape. Both major and minor axes of the hemiellipsoids monotonically increased in response to the elongation of the hydrocarbon blocks, which can be explained by the concominant increase in van der Waals interaction. The structure factor calculated from the GISAXS signals suggests that the domains take an orthorhombic lattice. Remarkably, the lateral correlation can reach over a distance that is more than 14 times longer than the distance to the nearest neighbors. Our data suggest that quantitative GISAXS enables the optimal design of mesoscopic self-assemblies at the air/water interface by fine-tuning of the structures of molecular building blocks. 相似文献
44.
45.
Dr. Hiromichi Nakahara Dr. Marie Pierre Krafft Prof. Osamu Shibata 《Chemphyschem》2020,21(17):1966-1970
We found that monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and semi-fluorinated tetrablock di(F10H16) self-assemble to form a new type of large, complex flower-like patterns on the surface of water and on solid substrates. The hierarchical organization of these unusual self-assemblies was investigated using compression and surface potential isotherms, in situ fluorescence and Brewster angle microscopies, and atomic force microscopy after transfer. 相似文献
46.
Krafft C Sobottka SB Geiger KD Schackert G Salzer R 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(5):1669-1677
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides a sensitive molecular fingerprint for tissue without external markers. Supervised classification models can be trained to identify the tissue type based on the spectroscopic fingerprint. Infrared imaging spectrometers equipped with multi-channel detectors combine the spectral and spatial information. Tissue areas of 4 x 4 mm(2) can be analyzed within a few minutes in the macroscopic imaging mode. An approach is described to apply this methodology to human astrocytic gliomas, which are graded according to their malignancy from one to four. Multiple IR images of three tissue sections from one patient with a malignant glioma are acquired and assigned to the six classes normal brain tissue, astrocytoma grade II, astrocytoma grade III, glioblastoma multiforme grade IV, hemorrhage, and other tissue by a linear discriminant analysis model which was trained by data from a single-channel detector. Before the model is applied here, the spectra are shown to be virtually identical. The first specimen contained approximately 95% malignant glioma regions, that means astrocytoma grade III or glioblastoma. The smaller percentage of 12-34% malignant glioma in the second specimen is consistent with its location at the tumor periphery. The detection of less than 0.2% malignant glioma in the third specimen points to a location outside the tumor. The results were correlated with the cellularity of the tissue which was obtained from the histopathologic gold standard. Potential applications of IR spectroscopic imaging as a rapid tool to complement established diagnostic methods are discussed. 相似文献
47.
Foster SL Handa S Krafft M Rowling D 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2007,(45):4791-4793
The first reported intramolecular pinacol coupling of cyclopropyl ketones has been achieved, demonstrating that cyclisation competes favourably with ring-opening of the cyclopropyl ketyl radical. 相似文献
48.
Krafft ME Haxell TF Seibert KA Abboud KA 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(13):4174-4175
An intermediate phosphonium salt has never been isolated from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction. Due to the weakly basic counterion produced in the MBH alkylation and allylation reactions, the reaction can be stopped after electrophilic attack on the zwitterionic enolate and an intermediate isolated. Upon analysis of the crystal structure, a trans geometry is observed, suggesting that there is no electrostatic interaction between phosphorus and oxygen in the zwitterionic enolate that undergoes alkylation, thus giving new mechanistic insight into the MBH reaction. 相似文献
49.
本文报导了采用氩离子激光器来泵浦Pr3+:YLF晶体,应用声光调制器实现了主动锁模;同时应用振动─高反射平面镜也实现了被动锁模,两种锁模均得到了ps光脉冲.据作者了解这是这种晶体材料的第一次锁模运转. 相似文献
50.
We present a general method for the linear least-squares solutionof overdetermined and underdetermined systems. The method isparticularly efficient when the coefficient matrix is quasi-square,that is when the number of rows and number of columns is almostthe same. The numerical methods for linear least-squares problemsand minimum-norm solutions do not generally take account ofthis special characteristic. The proposed method is based onLU factorization of the original quasi-square matrix A, assumingthat A has full rank. In the overdetermined case, the LU factorsare used to compute a basis for the null space of AT. The right-handside vector b is then projected onto this subspace and the least-squaressolution is obtained from the solution of this reduced problem.In the case of underdetermined systems, the desired solutionis again obtained through the solution of a reduced system.The use of this method may lead to important savings in computationaltime for both dense and sparse matrices. It is also shown inthe paper that, even in cases where the matrices are quite small,sparse solvers perform better than dense solvers. Some practicalexamples that illustrate the use of the method are included. 相似文献