Dual-temperature reagentless concentration of solutions of electrolytes based on the influence of temperature on the sorption of water by ionites

A new method of dual-temperature concentration and purification of pure and mixed solutions of calcium, magnesium, and sodium chlorides without solvent vaporization and the use of auxiliary reagents was studied. The method was based on the influence of temperature on the swelling of polymethacrylic and polyacrylic ionites. It was continuous solution passage through a column with a cationite with periodic temperature changes. A substantial increase in the concentration of solutions occurred at the “cold” stage of the process, and a decrease in concentration was observed at the “hot” stage.     

Radical Grafting of Octafluoropentyl Acrylate to a Polycaproamide Thread

Grafting of octafluoropentyl acrylate to polycaproamide PCA-6 in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide containing 0.87-1.33% fluorine was studied. The specific feature of radical grafting of the polyfluorinated acrylate is participation of terminal groups of PCA-6 macromolecules.     

Synthesis of 1,3-diglycidylimidazolium salts

For the first time, 1,3-diglycidylimidazolium salts were obtained. Their synthesis was accomplished by two routes: the reaction of imidazole with epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium perchlorate with the subsequent dehydrochlorination of the reaction products with alkalis, and the quaternization of 1-glycidylimidazoles with epichlorohydrin in the presence of salts of strong acids.Institute of Organophysical Chemistry and Carbon Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Donetsk 340114. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1062–1066, August, 1996. Original article submitted May 31, 1996.     

Reaction of 1-tert-butyl-3,4-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidenes with a malonic ester

Four stable carbenes, 1-tert-butyl-3,4-diaryl-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidenes 1a-d, including new fluorine-containing compounds 1c,d, react with a malonic ester to afford heterocyclic zwitterionic compounds 5a-d. The reactions with more acidic compounds (ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid) proceed with substrate deprotonation to form the respective azolium salts 6a-c. The X-ray crystal structure of 5a was also determined.     

Higher harmonics of azimuthal anisotropy in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in HYDJET++ model

The LHC data on azimuthal anisotropy harmonics from PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. The cross-talk of elliptic $v_2$ and triangular $v_3$ flow in the model generates both even and odd harmonics of higher order. Comparison with the experimental data shows that this mechanism is able to reproduce the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and centrality dependencies of quadrangular flow $v_4$ , and also the basic trends for pentagonal $v_5$ and hexagonal $v_6$ flows.     

Modeling of fatigue life of materials and structures under low-cycle loading

A damaged medium model (DMM) consisting of three interconnected components (relations determining the cyclic elastoplastic behavior of the material, kinetic damage accumulation equations, and the strength criterion for the damaged material) was developed to estimate the stress strain state and the fatigue life of important engineering objects. The fatigue life of a strip with a cut under cyclic loading was estimated to obtain qualitative and quantitative estimates of the DMM constitutive relations under low-cycle loading. It was shown that the considered version of the constitutive relations reliably describes the main effects of elastoplastic deformation and the fatigue life processes of materials and structures.     

Heteroaromatic carbenes (review)

We correlate information on the chemistry of heteroaromatic carbenes. We consider methods for generation of electrophilic and nucleophilic heteroaromatic carbenes, their reaction pathways, and their role in organic synthesis.Translated from Khimiya Geterosiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1155–1170, September, 1992.     

Synthesis and Stabilization of Bismuth Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - A technique is developed for the low-temperature synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray analysis and...