Explicit exact solutions to some one-dimensional conformable time fractional equations

The exact solutions of some conformable time fractional PDEs are presented explicitly. The modified Kudryashov method is applied to construct the solutions to the conformable time fractional Regularized Long Wave-Burgers (RLW-Burgers), potential Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), and clannish random walker’s parabolic (CRWP) equations. Initially, the predicted solution in the finite series of a rational form of an exponential function is substituted to the ODE generated from the conformable time fractional PDE using compatible wave transformation. The coefficients used in the finite series are determined by solving the algebraic system derived from the coefficients of the powers of the predicted solution. The solutions for some specific values of the parameters covering derivative order are depicted to explain the wave propagation numerically.     

Synthesis of asymmetrical tridendate Schiff bases and metal complexes and investigation of anticarcinogen effects on human colon and cervical cancers

The metal complexes of Zn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) with asymmetrical Schiff bases were synthesized. The asymmetrical Schiff base was obtained through the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde. The new Schiff base ligands (L₁' and L₂') and their metal complexes were characterized by TG/DTG, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, UV–Vis, ESR, powder XRD, elemental analysis, magnetic moment and fluorescence studies. The powder XRD studies indicate that Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes are amorphous, while Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes are crystalline. The anticarcinogenic effects of L₁' and L₂' were also investigated against colon (SW-620) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines and compound L₂' was found to possess the highest anticarcinogenic potential, with 16.7 µM and 27.5 µM of IC₅₀ values for HeLa and SW620 cells, respectively.     

A simple and sensitive LC-ESI-MS (ion trap) method for the determination of bupropion and its major metabolite, hydroxybupropion in rat plasma and brain microdialysates

A specific and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method for the direct determination of bupropion (BUP) and its main metabolite hydroxybupropion (HBUP) in rat plasma and brain microdialysate has been developed and validated. The analysis was performed on a Bonus RP C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm particles) column using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium formate buffer (10 mM, pH 4). Plasma samples were analyzed after a simple, one-step protein precipitation clean-up with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), however clean-up for microdialysis samples was not necessary, enabling direct injection of the samples into the LC-ESI-MS system. Signals of the compounds were monitored under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of the LC-ESI-MS (ion trap) for quantification. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 240-184 and m/z 256-238 were used to measure BUP and HBUP, respectively. The method was validated in both plasma and microdialysate samples, and the obtained lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.5 ng mL⁻¹ for BUP and HBUP in both matrices. The intra- and inter-day assay variability was less than 15% for both analytes. This LC-ESI-MS method provided simple sampling, rapid clean-up and short analysis time (<9 min), applicable to the routine therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of BUP and HBUP.     

Investigation of photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanines bearing fluorinated groups

This study presents synthesis of novel peripherally tetrasubstituted Zn(II) and In(III) phthalocyanine complexes bearing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy groups. These phthalocyanines were characterized by performing elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometric techniques. Aggregation properties of the resulting phthalocyanines were studied in different concentrations of DMSO. Aggregation behavior of the newly synthesized phthalocyanines was investigated in various organic solvents, as well. Photochemical and photophysical characterization of the resulting compounds were carried out to evaluate their photodynamic therapy properties in DMSO. The new metallophthalocyanines have high singlet oxygen quantum yields ranging from 0.72 to 0.88.     

Bacteriophages as Templates for Manufacturing Supramolecular Structures

SS phages are genetically enginnered by replacing 2 N‐terminal amino acids of the p8 coat protein of the fd phage. AGE and zeta potential measurements show that SS phages carry at least 1/4 less net negative surface charge than fd phages. Morphology and thickness of phages are studied at different counterion concentrations (10^?3, 10^?2 and 10^?1 M ) by AFM, SEM and immunofluorescence analyses. Bundles induced by CoCl₂ and CaCl₂ are either metallized by chemical reduction or biomineralized for apatite‐like material formation. EDX spectroscopy confirms the presence of Co, P and Ca peaks in mineralized samples. Such bottom‐up manufactured phage scaffolds might be applied in bioengineering studies.

     

The effect of topical anesthesia on vocal fold motion

The objective of this study was to determine if topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx affects vocal fold motion during dynamic voice evaluation with transnasal flexible endoscopy. Transnasal dynamic laryngeal examinations of 10 patients with no voice complaints were evaluated by five blinded fellowship-trained laryngologists. Each patient was examined before and after application of topical anesthetic. Reviewers rated briskness of right and left vocal fold movement and longitudinal tension on a visual analogue scale. Statistical comparisons were made between individual subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Inter-rater reliability was also assessed. No statistical difference was observed between subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Average intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.643 and 0.591 for pre- and postanesthesia scores, respectively. Application of topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx does not affect vocal fold motion.     

等离子体边界层扩散时间演化的稳定性与突变 *

解析分析了外界控制下等离子体边界层扩散过程时间演化的稳定性与突变条件,并将这些条件应用于JFT-2M Tokamak,结果表明,一阶共振下粒子注入或(和)外加电场的无量纲幅值(ε₁或(和)ε₂)满足一定条件时系统处于稳定状态;二阶共振下当ε₁或(和)ε₂等于某值时系统会发生突变,从低约束态跃迁至高约束态.     

Determining a 'safe' high-mass limit in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectra of coal derived materials with reference to instrument noise

Three methods for determining a 'safe' estimate for high-mass limits of MALDI spectra of coal derived liquids were explored, using a sample of coal-tar pitch and its pyridine-insoluble fraction. Co-addition of increasing numbers of single-shot spectra (10, 30, 50 and 100 pulses) showed visually observable reductions in noise levels, consistent with robust and statistically meaningful signals. Three separate types of post-acquisition calculation were used to identify high-mass limits of the spectra. (i) A literature method indicated high-mass limits similar to those observed visually-as a shift from baseline at the highest masses, nearly 350 000 u for the coal tar pitch and about 390 000 u for its pyridine insoluble fraction. (ii) Comparing instrument signal with pre-selected multiples of the standard deviation, upper mass estimates of between 40-60 000 u for the coal-tar pitch and about 95 000 u for its pyridine-insoluble fraction were found. (iii) Calculation of the slope was used to identify 'lift-off' of the spectrum from baseline. The angle between the smoothed spectrum and the baseline was matched to a pre-selected value (e.g. 0.5 degrees and 1 degrees ). However, the arbitrary specification of the key parameter did not establish this last method on a firm basis. The choice of a criterion for estimating high-mass limits of MALDI spectra remains a semi-quantitative procedure; a reasonably conservative high-mass limit may be estimated by comparison of signal with five times the standard deviation. However, evaluation of size exclusion chromatograms of the present samples using polystyrene standards suggests that molecular mass distributions of pitch samples arrived at by MALDI mass spectrometry are, at least partly, determined by the limitations of available instruments. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automorphisms of the Hatcher-Thurston complex

Let S be a compact, connected, orientable surface of positive genus. Let be the Hatcher-Thurston complex of S. We prove that Aut is isomorphic to the extended mapping class group of S modulo its center. The first author is supported by a Rackham Faculty Fellowship, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan. The second author is supported in part by the Turkish Academy of Sciences under the Young Scientists Award Program (MK/TüBA-GEBİP 2003-10).