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991.
We present a formal thermodynamic treatment of superfluid flow in a Josephson junction. We show that the current i(s) and the phase difference phi are thermodynamic conjugate variables. We derive quantitative expressions for the rms fluctuations of i(s) and phi. Also, we discuss the thermodynamic stability and the thermal activation to the phase-slip region. We apply the developed formalism to show why an array of apertures in 4He can exhibit the Josephson effect near the lambda transition despite strong thermal fluctuations. 相似文献
992.
Photoinduced emission of cooper pairs from superconductors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Under certain conditions specified in this work, a Cooper pair can be emitted from a superconductor upon the absorption of one ultraviolet photon. The spectra of the excited electron pair carry direct information on the energy and angular pair correlation. These statements are concluded from a formal and numerical analysis based on the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory for superconductivity. 相似文献
993.
Lokshin KA Zhao Y He D Mao WL Mao HK Hemley RJ Lobanov MV Greenblatt M 《Physical review letters》2004,93(12):125503
The D2 clathrate hydrate crystal structure was determined as a function of temperature and pressure by neutron diffraction for the first time. The hydrogen occupancy in the (32+X)H2.136H(2)O, x=0-16 clathrate can be reversibly varied by changing the large (hexakaidecahedral) cage occupancy between two and four molecules, while remaining single occupancy of the small (dodecahedral) cage. Above 130-160 K, the guest D2 molecules were found in the delocalized state, rotating around the centers of the cages. Decrease of temperature results in rotation freezing followed by a complete localization below 50 K. 相似文献
994.
We study the proximity effect of a superconductor to a normal system with a fractal spectrum. We find that there is no gap in the excitation spectrum, even in the case where the underlying classical dynamics of the normal system is chaotic. An analytical expression for the distribution of the smallest excitation eigenvalue E1 of the hybrid structure is obtained. On small scales it decays algebraically as P(E1) approximately E1(-D0), where D0 is the fractal dimension of the spectrum of the normal system. Our theoretical predictions are verified by numerical calculations performed for various models. 相似文献
995.
Konstantin P. Bryliakov Nina V. Semikolenova Evgenii P. Talsi 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2003,683(1):23-28
Using 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, titanium(IV) species formed in the catalytic systems Cp*TiMe3/MAO and Cp*TiCl3/MAO (Cp*=C5(CH3)5) in toluene and chlorobenzene were studied within the temperature range 253-293 K and at Al/Ti ratios 30-300. It was shown that upon activation of Cp*TiMe3 with methylaluminoxane (MAO) mainly the ‘cation-like’ intermediate Cp*Me2Ti+←Me−Al(MAO) (2) is formed. Three types of titanium(IV) complexes were identified in Cp*TiCl3/MAO catalytic system. They are methylated complexes Cp*TiMeCl2 and Cp*TiMe2Cl, and the ‘cation-like’ intermediate 2. Complex 2 dominates in Cp*TiCl3/MAO system in conditions approaching to those of practical polymerization (Al/Ti ratios more than 200). According to the EPR measurements, the portion of EPR active Ti(III) species in the Cp*TiCl3/MAO system is smaller than 1% at Al/Ti=35, and is about 10% at Al/Ti=700. 相似文献
996.
Thermally programmable gas storage and release in single crystals of an organic van der Waals host 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Enright GD Udachin KA Moudrakovski IL Ripmeester JA 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(33):9896-9897
A single crystal of a low density form of guest-free p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene can take up and release small guest molecules by controlling the temperature and pressure without changing the structure. Using NMR spectroscopy with flowing hyperpolarized xenon, we have shown that at room temperature access of xenon to the pore system is difficult, whereas it is relatively easy at 100 degrees C. There are good prospects for simple van der Waals materials such as the title material to be used as programmable zeolite mimics. 相似文献
997.
Orel V Kozarenko T Galachin K Romanov A Morozoff A 《Nonlinear dynamics, psychology, and life sciences》2007,11(3):309-331
Cancer can be viewed as a complex adaptive system. Complex adaptive systems can be described mathematically by nonlinear (chaos) theory including asymmetry, fractal structure and autocorrelation factor. Taking into consideration spatial irregularity and heterogeneity of internal structures of tumor cells, we examined deterministic chaos of trophoblastic tumor for organ, cellular, molecular levels on digital images and their Doppler measurements of blood flow. The digital images were tested by evaluation of contours deformation level and quantitative heterogeneous pattern. The suggested algorithm for estimation of spatial chaos in digital medical image is based on calculation of the skew and the spread parameters, fractal dimension and autocorrelation function. Ultrasound images demonstrated higher values of the skew parameter for the uterus of choriocarcinoma patients than hydatidiform mole and healthy individuals. The registered changes in nonlinear dynamics of uterine artery blood flow are tending to diminish deterministic chaotic process in choriocarcinoma. Nonlinear analysis of cell images for chorionic villi and tumor supressor gene p16 evidenced the tendency of increase in spatial chaos for patients with choriocarcinoma. The concept of deterministic chaos is hierarchical for the host during trophoblastic disease. 相似文献
998.
Tomáš Gedeon Hiroshi Kokubu Konstantin Mischaikow Hiroe Oka 《Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations》2002,14(1):63-84
We study a slowly varying planar Hamiltonian system modeling shallow water sloshing. Using the Conley index theory for fast-slow systems of ODEs, we prove the existence of complicated dynamics in the system which is described in terms of symbolic sequences of integers. This includes the solutions proven by Hastings and McLeod as well as those conjectured by them. 相似文献
999.
Fellype do Nascimento Antje Quade Mara Adriana Canesqui Konstantin Georgiev Kostov 《等离子体物理论文集》2023,63(1):e202200055
The employment of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) in a large sort of applications is limited by the adversities related to the size of the treated area and the difficulty to reach the target. The use of devices that employ long tubes in their structure has contributed significantly to overcome these challenges. In this work, two different plasma systems employing the jet transfer technique are compared. The main difference between the two devices is how the long plastic tube was assembled. The first one uses a copper wire placed inside a long plastic tube. The other device has a metallic mesh installed in a concentric arrangement between two coaxial plastic tubes. As a result, the two APPJ systems exhibit different properties, with the wire assembly being more powerful, also presenting higher values for the electrical current and rotational temperature when compared to the mesh mounting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that both configurations were capable of inserting O-containing functional groups on the polypropylene (PP) surface. However, the transferred plasma jet with wire assembly was able to add more functional groups on the PP surface. The results from XPS analysis were corroborated with water contact angle measurements (WCA), being that lower WCA values were obtained when the PP surface presented higher amounts of O-containing groups. Furthermore, the results suggest that the APPJ with wire configuration is more appropriate for material treatments, while the transferred jet with mesh arrangement tends to present lower electrical current values, being more suitable for biological applications. 相似文献
1000.
Yuri D. Ivanov Kristina A. Malsagova Vladimir P. Popov Igor N. Kupriyanov Tatyana O. Pleshakova Rafael A. Galiullin Vadim S. Ziborov Alexander Yu. Dolgoborodov Oleg F. Petrov Andrey V. Miakonkikh Konstantin V. Rudenko Alexander V. Glukhov Alexander Yu. Smirnov Dmitry Yu. Usachev Olga A. Gadzhieva Boris A. Bashiryan Vadim N. Shimansky Dmitry V. Enikeev Natalia V. Potoldykova Alexander I. Archakov 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(12)
The application of micro-Raman spectroscopy was used for characterization of structural features of the high-k stack (h-k) layer of “silicon-on-insulator” (SOI) nanowire (NW) chip (h-k-SOI-NW chip), including Al2O3 and HfO2 in various combinations after heat treatment from 425 to 1000 °C. After that, the NW structures h-k-SOI-NW chip was created using gas plasma etching optical lithography. The stability of the signals from the monocrine phase of HfO2 was shown. Significant differences were found in the elastic stresses of the silicon layers for very thick (>200 nm) Al2O3 layers. In the UV spectra of SOI layers of a silicon substrate with HfO2, shoulders in the Raman spectrum were observed at 480–490 cm−1 of single-phonon scattering. The h-k-SOI-NW chip created in this way has been used for the detection of DNA-oligonucleotide sequences (oDNA), that became a synthetic analog of circular RNA–circ-SHKBP1 associated with the development of glioma at a concentration of 1.1 × 10−16 M. The possibility of using such h-k-SOI NW chips for the detection of circ-SHKBP1 in blood plasma of patients diagnosed with neoplasm of uncertain nature of the brain and central nervous system was shown. 相似文献