The frontier orbitals of 22 isolated and characterized C(60)(CF(3))(n) derivatives, including seven reported here for the first time, have been investigated by electronic spectroscopy (n = 2 [1], 4 [1], 6 [2], 8 [5], 10 [6], 12 [3]; the number of isomers for each composition is shown in square brackets) fluorescence spectroscopy (n = 10 [4]), cyclic voltammetry under air-free conditions (all compounds with n 相似文献
Advances in flexible electronic devices and robotic software require that sensors and controllers be virtually devoid of traditional electronic components, be deformable and stretch-resistant. Liquid electronic devices that mimic biological synapses would make an ideal core component for flexible liquid circuits. This is due to their unbeatable features such as flexibility, reconfiguration, fault tolerance. To mimic synaptic functions in fluids we need to imitate dynamics and complexity similar to those that occurring in living systems. Mimicking ionic movements are considered as the simplest platform for implementation of neuromorphic in material computing systems. We overview a series of experimental laboratory prototypes where neuromorphic systems are implemented in liquids, colloids and gels. 相似文献
The fibre theorem [12] for the moment problem on closed semi-algebraic subsets of Rd is generalized to finitely generated real unital algebras. As an application two new theorems on the rational multidimensional moment problem are proved. Another application is a characterization of moment functionals on the polynomial algebra R[x1,..., xd] in terms of extensions. Finally, the fibre theorem and the extension theorem are used to reprove basic results on the complex moment problem due to Stochel and Szafraniec [13] and Bisgaard [2]. 相似文献
This paper reports the synthesis of layered zinc/sodium and zinc/potassium octanoates (A2[Zn(C8H15O2)4], A = Na+ or K+), two underexplored carboxylates, through reaction of the octanoate of the desired alkali metal with a zinc salt. After drying and chemical characterization, their catalytic activities were tested in the esterification of octanoic acid with isopropanol. Conversion values were high for the reactions conducted under following conditions: temperature 155°C, isopropanol/octanoic acid molar ratio = 8: 1, catalyst/ octanoic acid ratio 7 wt %, and reaction time 2 h. Isolation of the catalysts after esterification showed that the materials were converted into zinc octanoate in situ. 相似文献
While the integration of supramolecular principles in catalysis attracts increasing attention, a direct comparative assessment of the resulting systems catalysts to work out distinct characteristics is often difficult. Herein is reported how the broad responsiveness of ether cyclizations to diverse inputs promises to fill this gap. Cyclizations in the confined, π-basic and Brønsted acidic interior of supramolecular capsules, for instance, are found to excel with speed (exceeding general Brønsted acid and hydrogen-bonding catalysts by far) and selective violations of the Baldwin rules (as extreme as the so far unique pnictogen-bonding catalysts). The complementary cyclization on π-acidic aromatic surfaces remains unique with regard to autocatalysis, which is shown to be chemo- and diastereoselective with regard to product-like co-catalysts but, so far, not enantioselective. 相似文献
We survey elementary results in Minkowski spaces (i.e. finite dimensional Banach spaces) that deserve to be collected together, and give simple proofs for some of them. We place special emphasis on planar results. Many of these results have often been rediscovered as lemmas to other results. In Part I we cover the following topics: The triangle inequality and consequences such as the monotonicity lemma, geometric characterizations of strict convexity, normality (Birkhoff orthogonality), conjugate diameters and Radon curves, equilateral triangles and the affine regular hexagon construction, equilateral sets, circles: intersection, circumscribed, characterizations, circumference and area, inscribed equilateral polygons. 相似文献
Summary: The fracture properties of polymers are one of the key parameters that define their service life and limit their applications. One of the most interesting and important questions is how the molecular architecture and the structure of polymers at nanolength scales influence their fracture properties. X‐ray scattering is a powerful means of probing bulk structures at the nanometre scale. It can therefore provide a wealth of information relating to such structure‐property relationships. In the present study, synchrotron radiation microfocus small‐angle X‐ray scattering is used to investigate the damage area ahead and around the crack tip in polyamide 6 (PA6). The results reveal that the damage area propagates far beyond the visible crack, and inside the damaged zone platelet‐shaped cracks/voids are formed.
Proving primeness of an idealI=〈f1, …,fm〉 in a polynomial ringR=K[X1, …,Xn]ofn indeterminates over an algebraically closed fieldK is a difficult task in general. Although there are straightforward algorithms that decide whetherI is prime or not, they are prohibitively lengthy if the number of indeterminates or the degrees of thefiare large. In this paper we will give an easy criterion for the primeness ofI if thefiare polynomials with separated variables, i.e. no mixed monomials occur in thefi.
The work on this paper was done while the author was a MINERVA fellow at Tel Aviv University. 相似文献
The pulsed laser polymerization technique is now a well accepted method to determine propagation rate coefficients for radical polymerization from molar mass distributions resulting from intermittent initiation. A simplified apparatus for the periodic photoinitiation is used which is much less expensive than the laser equipment. The usefulness of the simplified equipment was proved by the determination of kp for styrene at technically relevant temperatures up to 130°C for the first time. Furthermore, careful inspection of the molar mass distribution (mmd) reveals that depending on the reaction conditions, inflection points (Li) can not only be found at integer multiples of kp • to • [M] but also at 0.5i • kp • to • [M], i = 1, 2, 3, … . A rule to find the inflection points leading to correct values for kp is proposed. It is shown that the shape of the mmd inter alia depends on the amount of primary radical termination compared to the termination reaction between growing chains. With dominant primary termination, the maxima of the distribution will give the correct kp, whereas in the absence of primary termination the inflection points should be used. Experimental conditions like initiator concentration, light intensity etc. may influence the position of the Li at least to some extent, and so may give a small but principal error or uncertainty in kp. A new mathematical method for the time-dependent simulation of the resulting mmd is presented which allows the calculations being performed on a PC within an acceptable time. 相似文献