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51.
[reaction: see text] Treatment of allenes with tetraallylmanganate provides allylated products with high regioselectivity. A catalytic amount of MnCl(2) combined with allylmagnesium chloride also achieves efficient allylmetalation of allenes. The resulting alkenylmagnesium species react with various electrophiles. In the presence of molecular oxygen, the alkenylmagnesium undergoes diallylation reaction. A cyclization reaction of 1,2,6-heptatriene with tetraallylmanganate is also described.  相似文献   
52.
Seven new Lycopodium alkaloids, lannotinidines A-G (1-7), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium annotinum and L. annotinum var. acrifolium. Stereochemistry of 1-7 was elucidated by combination of NOESY correlations and chemical transformation. Lannotinidines B-E (2-5) elevated NGF mRNA expression.  相似文献   
53.
Sai M  Someya H  Yorimitsu H  Oshima K 《Organic letters》2008,10(12):2545-2547
Treatment of alkyl halides, including tertiary alkyl bromides, with cyclopentadienylmagnesium bromide in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) triflate yielded the corresponding cyclopentadienylated products in high yields. The following hydrogenation of the products provided alkyl-substituted cyclopentanes.  相似文献   
54.
Treatment of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles with aryl chlorides in the presence of potassium carbonate under palladium catalysis and microwave irradiation at 250 °C for 15 min leads to arylation of the triazole at the 5‐position. A variety of functional groups, including ester and hydroxy groups, are compatible. The procedure is suitable for the regioselective preparation of trisubstituted triazoles. Microwave irradiation accelerates the reaction, thus allowing the rapid synthesis of trisubstituted triazoles, which are difficult to synthesize selectively.  相似文献   
55.
Kowalski FV  Ndiaye C  Nakamura K  Ito H 《Optics letters》2002,27(22):1965-1967
By use of frequency-shifted feedback lasers, noise with a stationary amplitude and a periodically stationary phase is generated. The ensemble-averaged time correlation function is periodic, whereas the power spectrum is broadband, resulting in a waveform that does not obey the Wiener-Khintchine relations. An application to multiple-access communications is discussed.  相似文献   
56.
Copolymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene spontaneously occurred on addition of zinc chloride without addition of any other radical initiator. The composition of the copolymer approached that of strictly alternating copolymer as zinc chloride added to the copolymerization system increased. The significance of the apparent monomer reactivity ratios of this copolymerization system was studied from a kinetic point of view, and it was shown that the monomer sequence distribution is indicated by the apparent monomer reactivity ratios. Further, equations which represent the relation between the apparent monomer reactivity ratios and Q,e values at a given salt concentration were derived. These equations reasonably accounted for the decrease of the apparent monomer reactivity ratios of the copolymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene in the presence of zinc chloride and the behavior of the other acrylonitrile copolymerization systems in the presence of zinc chloride. The initiation step of the spontaneous radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene in the presence of zinc chloride was explained by a cross-initiation mechanism.  相似文献   
57.
Niwa T  Yorimitsu H  Oshima K 《Organic letters》2007,9(12):2373-2375
Direct arylation of aryl(azaaryl)methanes with aryl halides takes place at the benzylic position in the presence of a hydroxide base under palladium catalysis to yield triarylmethanes.  相似文献   
58.
A homology search of wheat chloroplast (ct) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes identified 54 ctDNA segments that have homology with 66 mtDNA segments. The mtDNA segments were classified according to their origin: orthologs (prokaryotic origin), xenologs (interorganellar DNA transfer origin) and paralogs (intraorganellar DNA amplification origin). The 66 mtDNA sequences with homology to ctDNA segments included 14 paralogs, 18 orthologs and 34 xenologs. Analysis of the xenologs indicated that the DNA transfer occurred unidirectionally from the ct genome to the mt genome. The evolutionary timing of each interorganellar DNA transfer that generated a xenolog was estimated. This analysis showed that 2 xenologs originated early in green plant evolution, 4 in angiosperm evolution, 3 in monocotyledon evolution, 9 during cereal diversification and 8 in the evolution of wheat. Six other xenologs showed recurrent transfer from the ct to mt genomes in more than one taxon. The two remaining xenologs were uninformative on the evolutionary timing of their transfer. The wheat mt nad9 gene was found to be chimeric, consisting of the cereal nad9 gene and its 291 bp 5'-flanking region that included a 58 bp xenolog of the ct-ndhC origin.  相似文献   
59.
Two (ONO pincer)ruthenium‐complex‐bound norvalines, Boc?[Ru(pydc)(terpy)]Nva?OMe ( 1 ; Boc=tert‐butyloxycarbonyl, terpy=terpyridyl, Nva=norvaline) and Boc?[Ru(pydc)(tBu‐terpy)]Nva?OMe ( 5 ), were successfully synthesized and their molecular structures and absolute configurations were unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The robustness of the pincer Ru complexes and norvaline scaffolds against acidic/basic, oxidizing, and high‐temperature conditions enabled us to perform selective transformations of the N‐Boc and C?OMe termini into various functional groups, such as alkyl amide, alkyl urea, and polyether groups, without the loss of the Ru center or enantiomeric purity. The resulting dialkylated Ru‐bound norvaline, n‐C11H23CO?l ‐[Ru(pydc)(terpy)]Nva?NH‐n‐C11H23 (l ‐ 4 ) was found to have excellent self‐assembly properties in organic solvents, thereby affording the corresponding supramolecular gels. Ru‐bound norvaline l ‐ 1 exhibited a higher catalytic activity for the oxidation of alcohols by H2O2 than parent complex [Ru(pydc)(terpy)] ( 11 a ).  相似文献   
60.
A new type of epoxy resin containing 4,4′-diphenylether moiety in the backbone (2) was synthesized, and was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, in order to evaluate the influence of 4,4′-diphenylether moiety in the structure, epoxy resins having 4,4′-biphenylene moiety (4) and having 1,4-phenylene moiety (6) in place of 4,4′-diphenylether moiety were synthesized. The cured polymer obtained through the curing reaction between the new diphenylether-containing epoxy resin and phenol novolac was used for making a comparison of its thermal and physical properties with those obtained from 4, 6, and bisphenol-A (4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol) type epoxy resin. The cured polymer obtained from 2 showed markedly higher anaerobic char yield at 700°C of 44.0 wt %, higher fracture toughness, and higher mechanical strength and modulus. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3687–3693, 1999  相似文献   
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