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41.
We give an example of a projection which maps two Gibbs measures for the same interaction into Gibbs measures for different interactions. As a corollary we find a case where by decimation a non-Gibbsian measure is transformed into a Gibbs measure. 相似文献
42.
Improved Spectral Coverage and Fluorescence Quenching in Donor–acceptor Systems Involving Indolo[3‐2‐b]carbazole and Boron‐dipyrromethene or Diketopyrrolopyrrole 下载免费PDF全文
Adis Khetubol Sven Van Snick Melissa L. Clark Eduard Fron Eduardo Coutiño‐González Arvid Cloet Koen Kennes Yuliar Firdaus Maarten Vlasselaer Volker Leen Wim Dehaen Mark Van der Auweraer 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(3):637-653
A novel π‐conjugated triad and a polymer incorporating indolo[3,2‐b]‐carbazole (ICZ) and 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) were synthesized via a Sonogashira coupling. Compared to the parent BODIPY the absorption and fluorescence spectrum were for both compounds broader and redshifted. The redshift of the fluorescence and the decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield and decay time upon increasing solvent polarity were attributed to the formation of a partial charge‐transfer state. Upon excitation in the ICZ absorption band the ICZ fluorescence was quenched in both compounds mainly due to energy transfer to the BODIPY moiety. In a similar ICZ–π–DPP polymer (where DPP is diketopyrrolopyrrole), a smaller redshift of the absorption and fluorescence spectra compared to the parent DPP was observed. A less efficient quenching of the ICZ fluorescence in the ICZ–π–DPP polymer could be related to the unfavorable orientation of the transition dipoles of ICZ and DPP. The rate constant for energy transfer was for all compounds an order of magnitude smaller than predicted by Förster theory. While in a solid film of the triad a further redshift of the absorption maximum of nearly 100 nm was observed, no such shift was observed for the ICZ–π–BODIPY polymer. 相似文献
43.
Thao Do Thi Koen Nauwelaerts Luc Baudemprez Michiel Van Speybroeck Jan Vermant Patrick Augustijns Pieter Annaert Johan Martens Jan Van Humbeeck Guy Van den Mooter 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2011,71(1-2):137-147
Complexation in solution between danazol and two different cyclodextrins [2-hydroxypropyl-??-cyclodextrin (HP-??-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-??-cyclodextrin (HP-??-CD)] was studied using phase solubility analysis, and one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR. The increase of danazol solubility in the aqueous cyclodextrin solutions showed a linear relationship (AL profile). The apparent stability constant, K 1:1, of each complex was calculated and found to be 51.7 × 103 and 7.3 × 103 M?1 for danazol?CHP-??-CD and danazol?CHP-??-CD, respectively. 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis of varying ratios of danazol and the different cyclodextrins in a mixture of EtOD?CD2O confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry. Cross-peaks, from 2D ROESY 1H-NMR spectra, between protons of danazol and H3?? and H5??of cyclodextrins, which stay inside the cyclodextrin cavity, proved the formation of an inclusion complex between danazol and the cyclodextrins. For HP-??-CD, the inclusion complex is formed by entrance of the isooxazole and the A rings of danazol in the cyclodextrin cavity. For HP-??-CD, two different inclusion structures may exist simultaneously in solution: one with the isooxazole and A ring in the cavity and the other with the C and D ring inside the cavity. DLS showed that self-aggregation of the CD??s was absent in the danazol HP-??-CD system up to a CD concentration of 10% and in the danazol HP-??-CD system up to a CD concentration of 5%. 相似文献
44.
Pauwels N Aspeslagh S Vanhoenacker G Sandra K Yu ED Zajonc DM Elewaut D Linclau B Van Calenbergh S 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2011,9(24):8413-8421
A synthetic approach is presented for the synthesis of galacturonic acid and D-fucosyl modified KRN7000. The approach allows for late-stage functionalisation of both the sugar 6'-OH and the sphingosine amino groups, which enables convenient synthesis of promising 6'-modified KRN7000 analogues. 相似文献
45.
Koen Thas 《Journal of Geometry》2011,101(1-2):223-238
In this lecture, I will survey several recent results in the local theory of generalized quadrangles. Starting with a short introduction to the global automorphism theory, I will motivate as such the local viewpoint, and overview some of the most important local properties which are investigated nowadays. Recent results on skew translation quadrangles and forms will be described, including a solution of a question of Payne which generalizes work of Havas et?al. (Finite geometries, groups, and computation, 2006; Adv Geom 26:389?C396, 2006), and then I will mention parts of a classification of skew translation quadrangles which is being prepared by the author. Finally, I will consider conditions which are both global and local. 相似文献
46.
Ishizuka T Sinks LE Song K Hung ST Nayak A Clays K Therien MJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(9):2884-2896
A series of mono-, bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(porphinato)zinc(II) (PZn)-elaborated ruthenium(II) bis(terpyridine) (Ru) complexes have been synthesized in which an ethyne unit connects the macrocycle meso carbon atom to terpyridyl (tpy) 4-, 4'-, and 4'-positions. These supermolecular chromophores, based on the ruthenium(II) [5-(4'-ethynyl-(2,2';6',2'-terpyridinyl))-10,20-bis(2',6'-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl)porphinato]zinc(II)-(2,2';6',2'-terpyridine)(2+) bis-hexafluorophosphate (RuPZn) archetype, evince strong mixing of the PZn-based oscillator strength with ruthenium terpyridyl charge resonance bands. Potentiometric and linear absorption spectroscopic data indicate that for structures in which multiple PZn moieties are linked via ethynes to a [Ru(tpy)(2)](2+) core, little electronic coupling is manifest between PZn units, regardless of whether they are located on the same or opposite tpy ligand. Congruent with these experiments, pump-probe transient absorption studies suggest that the individual RuPZn fragments of these structures exhibit, at best, only modest excited-state electronic interactions that derive from factors other than the dipole-dipole interactions of these strong oscillators; this approximate independent character of the component RuPZn oscillators enables fabrication of nonlinear optical (NLO) multipoles with extraordinary hyperpolarizabilities. Dynamic hyperpolarizability (β(λ)) values and depolarization ratios (ρ) were determined from hyper-Rayleigh light scattering (HRS) measurements carried out at an incident irradiation wavelength (λ(inc)) of 1300 nm. The depolarization ratio data provide an experimental measure of chromophore optical symmetry; appropriate coupling of multiple charge-transfer oscillators produces structures having enormous averaged hyperpolarizabilities (β(HRS) values), while evolving the effective chromophore symmetry from purely dipolar (e.g., Ru(tpy)[4-(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 1280 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 3.8; Ru(tpy)[4'-(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 2100 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 3.8) to octopolar (e.g., Ru[4,4'-bis(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](2)(PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 1040 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 1.46) via structural motifs that possess intermediate values of the depolarization ratio. The chromophore design roadmap provided herein gives rise to octopolar supermolecules that feature by far the largest off-diagonal octopolar first hyperpolarizability tensor components ever reported, with the effectively octopolar Ru[4,4'-bis(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](2)(PF(6))(2) possessing a β(HRS) value at 1300 nm more than a factor of 3 larger than that determined for any chromophore having octopolar symmetry examined to date. Because NLO octopoles possess omnidirectional NLO responses while circumventing the electrostatic interactions that drive bulk-phase centrosymmetry for NLO dipoles at high chromophore concentrations, the advent of octopolar NLO chromophores having vastly superior β(HRS) values at technologically important wavelengths will motivate new experimental approaches to achieve acentric order in both bulk-phase and thin film structures. 相似文献
47.
Van Eenoo P Van Gansbeke W De Brabanter N Deventer K Delbeke FT 《Journal of chromatography. A》2011,1218(21):3306-3316
The use of performance enhancing drugs in sports is prohibited. For the detection of misuse of such substances gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are the most frequently used detection techniques. In this work the development and validation of a fast gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the detection of a wide range of doping agents is described. The method can determine 13 endogenous steroids (the steroid profile), 19-norandrosterone, salbutamol and 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.9carboxylic acid in the applicable ranges and to detect qualitatively over 140 substances in accordance with the minimum required performance levels of the World Anti-Doping Agency in 1ml of urine. The classes of substances included in the method are anabolic steroids, β2-agonists, stimulants, narcotics, hormone antagonists and modulators and beta-blockers. Moreover, using a short capillary column and hydrogen as a carrier gas the run time of the method is less than 8min. 相似文献
48.
Ding T Tian Y Liang K Clays K Song K Yang G Tung CH 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(8):2429-2431
Oxygen plasma etching of electrospun polymer fibers containing spherical colloids is presented as a new approach towards anisotropic colloidal nanoparticles. The detailed morphology of the resulting nanoparticles can be precisely controlled in a continuous way. The same approach is also amenable to prepare inorganic nanoparticles with double-sided patches. 相似文献
49.
50.
Yury G. Galyametdinov Larisa V. Malykhina Wolfgang Haase Kris Driesen Koen Binnemans 《Liquid crystals》2002,29(12):1581-1584
Lewis-base adducts of tris( β-diketonato)lanthanide(III) complexes were prepared, where the β-diketone is para -alkoxy-substituted 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione. These compounds are the first examples of liquid crystalline lanthanide complexes in which the mesomorphism is introduced via a β-diketonate ligand. Depending on the type of the Lewis base, the metallomesogens exhibit a monotropic smectic A or a monotropic highly ordered smectic phase. Intense photoluminescence was observed for the europium(III) complexes at room temperature. 相似文献