A powerful diode-pumped laser source for micro-machining with ps pulses in the infrared, the visible and the ultraviolet

We report a ps diode-pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser system for micro-machining applications. The system consists of a passively mode-locked oscillator followed by a regenerative amplifier. It provides laser pulses at 1064 nm with a pulse duration of 10.2 ps, a repetition rate of 20 kHz and an average output power of 10.8 W. This average power corresponds to a pulse energy of 0.54 mJ. Second-harmonic generation in LBO and fourth-harmonic generation in BBO provide visible (532-nm) and ultraviolet (266-nm) radiation with pulse energies of 270 J and 75 J, respectively. Amplification in a diode-pumped single-pass Nd:YVO₄ amplifier increases the pulse energy of the fundamental 1064-nm laser pulses to 1 mJ. PACS 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Da; 42.65.Ky; 42.65.Re     

Phasenverhältnisse in den Systemen Cer-Wasserstoff und Cer-Deuterium

Phase Relationships in the Systems Cerium-Hydrogen and Cerium-Deuterium The phase relationships in the system cerium-hydrogen have been reinvestigated. Contrary to the literature a decrease of the lattice parameter with increasing hydrogen content has been observed for the cubic hydrides only up to a composition CeH_2.30, for higher hydrogen content the lattice parameters remain constant. At the composition Ce₃H₇ a new phase with a tetragonal structure has been found. The analogous phases have been observed in the Ce? D system.     

An intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) technique for lanthanide complexes: studies on lanthanide halides

An intermediate neglect of differential overlap method of use for examining the electronic structure of lanthanide complexes is developed. It is characterized by a basis set obtained from relativistic Dirac-Fock atomic calculations, the inclusion of all one-center two-electron integrals, and a parameter set based on molecular geometry.Lanthanide halides MX₂, MX₃ and MX₄ are studied here, as well as initial results for the twelve coordinate Ce(NO₃)₆ ^–2 ion. Geometries obtained are in excellent agreement with experimental values when available. Many MX₃ complexes are found to be pyramidal, and EuCl₂ and YbCl₂ are calculated to be bent even at the SCF level. Models invoking London type forces are therefore not required. Ionization potentials are calculated for the trihalides (SCF) and are in reasonable agreement with experiment.Contrary to conclusion of others, f-orbital participation, although small, is required — at least in this model — to obtain the spread of metal to halide bond distance observed in these complexes. However f-orbital participation does not seem to be significant even in the twelve coordinate Ce(NO₃)₆ ^–2 complex: rather the large coordination number seems to be a consequence of the relatively large size of the lanthanide ion.     

Effects of crosslinking and chain degradation on the thermal conductivity of polymers

Summary The thermal conductivity of the following polymers was measured in the temperature range from –170 to 140 °C: Two crosslinked polymers (irradiated PE and PMMA crosslinked with TAC) and two degradated polymers (heat-treated AN-MMA-copolymer and irradiated PMMA).In the temperature range fromT _g toT _m , the thermal conductivity of irradiated PE decreases with increasing temperature and with increasing dose up to 600 MRD. The observed decrease of the thermal conductivity is attributed to a decrease of crystallinity due to irradiation. At temperatures aboveT _m , the thermal conductivity increases with the radiation dose. This results from radiation induced crosslinking.For crosslinked PMMA, the thermal conductivity increases with increasing concentration of TAC.The thermal conductivity of heat-treated AN-MMA-copolymer seems to decrease with heating time. This is caused by a shift of the flat break atT _g to higher temperatures.For irradiated PMMA, the thermal conductivity decreases slightly with radiation doses greater than 100 MRD.

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Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit folgender Polymeren wurde im Temperaturbereich von –175 bis 140 °C gemessen: Zwei vernetzte Polymere (bestrahltes PÄ und mit TAC vernetztes PMMA) und zwei abgebaute Polymere (AN-MMA-Copolymer mit thermischer Vorbehandlung und bestrahltes PMMA).Im Temperaturbereich vonT _g bisT _m nimmt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des bestrahlten PÄ mit wachsender Temperatur und mit zunehmender Bestrahlungsdosis bis 600 MRD ab. Dieser Abfall der Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird auf die Abnahme der Kristallinität infolge Bestrahlung zurückgeführt. Bei Temperaturen, oberhalbT _m steigt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit mit zunehmender Bestrahlungsdosis. Das ist auf die strahlungsinduzierte Vernetzung zurückzuführen.Bei vernetztem PMMA findet man mit zunehmender Konzentration von TAC eine Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und eine Verschiebung des flachen Knickes beiT _g nach höheren Temperaturen hin.Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von AN-MMA-Copolymeren scheint mit zunehmender Temperzeit zu fallen. Das wird durch eine Verschiebung des flachen Knickes nach höheren Temperaturen verursacht.Bei bestrahltem PMMA zeigt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit einen kleinen Abfall mit Bestrahlungsdosen größer als 100 MRD.

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With 8 figures and 3 tables

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To Professor Dr.K.-H. Hellwege on his sixtieth birthday