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We generalize our recent work on the optical bistability of thin films of molecular aggregates [J. A. Klugkist et al., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 164705 (2007)] by accounting for the optical transitions from the one-exciton manifold to the two-exciton manifold as well as the exciton-exciton annihilation of the two-exciton states via a high-lying molecular vibronic term. We also include the relaxation from the vibronic level back to both the one-exciton manifold and the ground state. By selecting the dominant optical transitions between the ground state, the one-exciton manifold, and the two-exciton manifold, we reduce the problem to four levels, enabling us to describe the nonlinear optical response of the film. The one- and two-exciton states are obtained by diagonalizing a Frenkel Hamiltonian with an uncorrelated on-site (diagonal) disorder. The optical dynamics is described by means of the density matrix equations coupled to the electromagnetic field in the film. We show that the one- to two-exciton transitions followed by a fast exciton-exciton annihilation promote the occurrence of bistability and reduce the switching intensity. We provide estimates of pertinent parameters for actual materials and conclude that the effect can be realized. 相似文献
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Background
It is well known that both semantic and syntactic information play a role in pronoun resolution in sentences. However, it is unclear what the relative contribution of these sources of information is for the establishment of a coreferential relationship between the pronoun and the antecedent in combination with a local structural case constraint on the pronoun (i.e. case assignment of a pronoun under preposition governing). In a prepositional phrase in German and Dutch, it is the preposition that assigns case to the pronoun. Furthermore, in these languages different overtly case-marked pronouns are used to refer to male and female persons. Thus, one can manipulate biological/syntactic gender features separately from case marking features. 相似文献35.
ICP-AES法测定色漆可溶性金属含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用ICP-AES法测定了色漆中的“可溶性”金属铬、镉、铅元素,考察了不同酸度对分析结果的影响,优化了测试条件。进行了回收率和精密度试验。并用原子吸收光谱国标方法进行对照,结果一致。 相似文献
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Krishnan Venkateswaran John M. Stadlbauer Mark E. Laing Jan Klugkist Delano P. Chong Gerald B. Porter David C. Walker 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,87(1):947-952
Muon resonance studies show that muonium atoms (Mu) in ethanol add selectively to certain C-sites of aromatic compounds containing -Cl and -OH substituents. The sites chosen seem to be those carrying the lowest electron density. This helps to characterize Mu as a nucleophile in addition reactions and, in this respect, Mu differs from ordinary H-atoms.The study shows no apparentinter-molecular selectivity between a pair of aromatic solutes in an equimolar mixture, but strongintra-molecular selectivity in an ether composed of those two aromatic rings. This difference between intra- and inter-molecular selectivity is interpreted as kinetic in origin — arising from the caging effect of the solvent and peculiar to reactions close to the diffusion-controlled limit. 相似文献
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