Characterization of polyethylene terephthalate by gel permeation chromatography (GPC)

The use of the solvent mixture chloroform/hexafluoroisopropanol (98 : 2 vol %) in the GPC-analysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is described. PET-samples of different molecular weight have been prepared and characterized by light scattering, viscometry, and improved techniques of osmometry and end group titration. These well characterized samples were used in calibrating the GPC. The calibration with polydisperse standards was found superior to the universal calibration procedure in the solvent system chosen.     

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry for micro- and trace-element determination

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is an important method for accurate and precise determination of trace- and micro-amounts of the elements. Using different ionization techniques in the mass spectrometer most of the elements of the periodic table can be analysed.     

CHEMILUMINESCENCE FROM THE OXIDATION OF AUXIN DERIVATIVES

Abstract— The thiophenyl ester of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetonitrile produce chemiluminescence in aerated dimethylsulfoxide in the presence of potassium t -butoxide. The emitter is the aromatic aldehyde. In the case of acetonitrile, the other product expected from the cleavage of an intermediate dioxetane, cyanate/isocyanate, has also been identified. Other auxins also chemiluminesce under similar conditions, but the emitters have not been properly identified.
These systems are models for the peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid to indole-3-carboxaldehyde and as such support the earlier inference (Vidigal et al , 1975) that the excited aldehyde is generated in the enzymic process.
An additional result is the observation of an exciplex between excited indole-3-carboxaldehyde and the thiophenylester of indole-3-acetic acid. This appears to be the first case of chemical generation of an exciplex by a route other than radical ion reaction, presumably by the dioxetane route.     

Das Grenzflächenverhalten von Carboxymethylcellulose an Baumwolle

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Indolo[3,3a,4-gh]chinoline und 10a, 6a-Iminopropano-indolo-[3,3a,4-gh]chinoline. Stereospezifische Synthesen und Umlagerungen. Teil II. 9. Mitteilung über synthetische Indolverbindungen

Alkaline hydrolysis of 1-benzyl-4, 4-dicyanoethyl-5-oxo-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo-[cd]indole under controlled conditions leads to 4-benzyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-10a, 6a-iminopropanoindolo[3,3a,4-gh]quinoline-9(10H),12-dione ( 2a ), the first representative of such a ring system. Alkylation of this di-lactam affords the N-monoalkyl ( 2b ), the N, N'-dialkyl ( 3 ), and the N, O-dialkyl ( 4 ) derivatives according to the conditions employed. Treatment of compounds such as 2 with sodium in liquid ammonia results in the opening of one of the lactam rings by a stereoelectronically controlled reductive cleavage of the benzylamine bond; subsequent protonation proceeds stereospecifically to give trans-octahydroindolo[3,3a, 4-gh]quinolines (viz. 5 ). The NMR. spectra and the mechanism of the reductive ring opening are discussed.     

THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF ULTRAVIOLET AND X RADIATION ON MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12

Abstract— Prior UV irradiation increased the X-ray sensitivity of wild-type E. coli K-12. This synergistic effect of combined UV and X irradiation was also observed, but to a reduced extent, in uvrA, uvrB, uvrC , and polA mutants, but was absent in exrA, recA, recB , or recC mutants of E. coli K-12. Alkaline sucrose gradient studies demonstrated that the wand err gene-controlled, growth-medium-dependent (Type III) repair of X-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks was inhibited by prior UV irradiation. This inhibition probably explains the synergistic effect of these two radiations on survival.