Standardization of Methods for Characterizing the Surface Geometry of Solids

Since a comprehensive survey published in 1999 [1] much work was done in standardizing measuring methods to characterize the surface geometry of dispersed and/or porous solids and to certify reference materials. The present paper is an extension of a short communication [2]. It gives a survey on existing standards and reports on new drafts and proposals.     

Molecular addressing? Studies on light-induced reorientation in liquid-crystalline side chain polymers

Polarized light leads to an effective reorientation of the optic axis in the glassy state of liquid-crystalline side chain polymers containing azobenzene mesogenic groups, via a trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization. Using a combination of U V and IR dichroitic studies it is shown for copolymers consisting of chromophores (azobenzene) and non-chromophores (phenylbenzoate) that only the chromophores are reoriented by light as far as the glassy state is concerned. Individual chromophores are thus addressed by photoselection. Photoselection in the fluid nematic state, on the other hand, leads also to a reorientation of the non-chromophores.     

Critical branching in a highly fluctuating random medium

Summary A model of one-dimensional critical branching (superprocess) is constructed in a random medium fluctuating both in time and space. The medium describes a moving system of point catalysts, and branching occurs only in the presence of these catalysts. Although the medium has an infinite overall density, the clumping features of the branching model can be exhibited by rescaling time, space, and mass by an exactly calculated scaling power which is stronger than in the constant medium case. The main technique used is the asymptotic analysis of a generalized diffusion-reaction equation in the space-time random medium, which (given the medium) prescribes the evolution of the Laplace transition functional of the Markov branching process.