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Finite element error bounds for a curve shrinking with prescribed normal contact to a fixed boundary
We approximate the evolution of a curve subject to motion bycurvature by linear finite elements. The curve evolves insidea given domain and meets orthogonally. We derive optimal boundsfor the error with respect to the L2- and H1-norms and presentsome computed examples. 相似文献
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Edoardo Luca Vigan Erika Colombo Giuseppa Raitano Alberto Manganaro Alessio Sommovigo Jean Lou CM Dorne Emilio Benfenati 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(19)
Read-across applies the principle of similarity to identify the most similar substances to represent a given target substance in data-poor situations. However, differences between the target and the source substances exist. The present study aims to screen and assess the effect of the key components in a molecule which may escape the evaluation for read-across based only on the most similar substance(s) using a new open-access software: Virtual Extensive Read-Across (VERA). VERA provides a means to assess similarity between chemicals using structural alerts specific to the property, pre-defined molecular groups and structural similarity. The software finds the most similar compounds with a certain feature, e.g., structural alerts and molecular groups, and provides clusters of similar substances while comparing these similar substances within different clusters. Carcinogenicity is a complex endpoint with several mechanisms, requiring resource intensive experimental bioassays and a large number of animals; as such, the use of read-across as part of new approach methodologies would support carcinogenicity assessment. To test the VERA software, carcinogenicity was selected as the endpoint of interest for a range of botanicals. VERA correctly labelled 70% of the botanicals, indicating the most similar substances and the main features associated with carcinogenicity. 相似文献
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Marijke WA de Backer Maike AD Brans Mieneke CM Luijendijk Keith M Garner Dianne MA van den Heuvel R Jeroen Pasterkamp Roger AH Adan 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):94
Background
Multiple neuropeptides, sometimes with opposing functions, can be produced from one precursor gene. To study the roles of the different neuropeptides encoded by one large precursor we developed a method to overexpress minigenes and establish local secretion. 相似文献25.
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J.W. Vanderhoff M.S. El-Aasser F.J. Micale E.D. Sudol CM. Tseng A. Silwanowicz 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3-4):231-246
Monodisperse polystyrene latexes are prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization; however, sizes larger than 2μm are difficult to prepare because of the creaming and settling of the particles, and their sensitivity to mechanical shear. Preparation in space would obviate the creaming and settling, and allow agitation just sufficient for good heat transfer and mixing. Three polymerizations yielding 3-5μm size particles were carried out successfully on the third flight of the “Columbia” launched March 22, 1982; however, four polymerizations yielding sizes up to 10μm on the fourth flight launched June 27, 1982, were incomplete owing to apparatus malfunction. The results of these polymerizations and the prospects of developing a preparative space process are reviewed 相似文献
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LL Handley R Azcón Ruiz Lozano JM CM Scrimgeour 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(13):1320-1324
It has long been evident that plant (15)N chiefly reflects the processes which fractionate (15)N/(14)N rather than the (15)N of plant N source(s). It has emerged recently that one of the most important fractionating processes contributing to the whole plant (15)N is the presence/absence, type or species of mycorrhiza, especially when interacting with nutrient deficiency. Ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizas are frequently associated with (15)N-depleted foliar (15)N, commonly as low as -12 per thousand. As shown by the present study, plants having no mycorrhiza, or those infected with various species of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)-forming fungi, interact with varying concentrations of soil nitrogen [N] and moisture to enrich plant (15)N by as much as 3.5 per thousand. Hence the lack of a mycorrhiza, or variation in the species of AM-forming fungal associations, can account for about 25% of the usually reported variations of foliar (15)N found in field situations and do so by (15)N enrichment rather than depletion. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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B Anuradha CM Santosh V Hari Sai Priya G Suman Latha KJR Murthy Valluri Vijaya Lakshmi 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2007,5(1):8-7