全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1746篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1332篇 |
晶体学 | 22篇 |
力学 | 12篇 |
数学 | 149篇 |
物理学 | 270篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 87篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 83篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 88篇 |
2005年 | 100篇 |
2004年 | 73篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 81篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 34篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 36篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 23篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有1785条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
The ion-pair extraction equilibria of the iron(II) and iron(III) chelates of 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR, H(2)L) are described. The anionic chelates were extracted into chloroform with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (QC1) as counter-ion. The extraction constants were estimated to be K(ex1)(Fe(II)) = [Q{Fe(II)(HL)L}](0)/[Q(+)][{Fe(II)(HL)L}(-)] = 10(8.59 +/- 0.11), K(ex2)(Fe(II)) = [Q(2){Fe(II)L(2)}](o)/ [Q(+)](2)[{Fe(II)L(2)}(2-)] = 10(12.17 +/- 0.10) and K(ex1)(Fe(III)) = [Q{Fe((III))L(2)}](o)/(Q(+)][{Fe(III)L(2)}(-)] = 10(6.78 +/- 0.15) at I = 0.10 and 20 degrees , where [ ](o) is concentration in the chloroform phase. Aggregation of Q{Fe(III)L(2)} in chloroform was observed and the dimerization constant (K(d) = [Q(2){Fe(III)L(2)}(2)](o)/[Q{Fe(III)L(2)}](o)(2)) was evaluated as log K(d) = 4.3 +/- 0.3 at 20 degrees . The neutral chelates of {Fe(II)(HL)(2)} and {Fe(III)(HL)L}, and the ion-pair of the cationic chelate, {Fe(III)(HL)(2)}ClO(4), were also extracted into chloroform or nitrobenzene. The relationship between the forms and extraction properties of the iron(II) and iron(III) PAR chelates are discussed in connection with those of the nickel(II) and cobalt(III) complexes. Correlation between the extraction equilibrium data and the elution behaviour of some PAR chelates in ion-pair reversed-phase partition chromatography is also discussed. 相似文献
82.
A method for separation and determination of traces of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) in geological samples is described. Determination by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry follows oxalate coprecipitation of the REEs with calcium as carrier and cation- exchange column separation in nitric acid. The combination of the two separation techniques improved the low recoveries found for Sm, Eu, and Gd when only ion-exchange was used, especially for iron- and aluminum-rich samples. The method was applied to the analysis of geological standard materials NBS SRM 688 (basalt), NBS SRM 278 (obsidian), GSJ JB-1 (basalt), GSJ JA- 2 (andesite), and CCRMP SY-3 (syenite). The results were evaluated on the basis of chondrite- normalized rare earth element distribution patterns. 相似文献
83.
The spectroscopic properties and electronic structure of the four-coordinate high-spin [FeIII(L3)(OOtBu)]+ complex (1; L3 = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-isopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate; tBu = tert-butyl) are investigated and compared to the six-coordinated high-spin [Fe(6-Me3TPA)(OHx)(OOtBu)]x+ system (TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, x = 1 or 2) studied earlier [Lehnert, N.; Ho, R. Y. N.; Que, L., Jr.; Solomon, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12802-12816]. Complex 1 is characterized by Raman features at 889 and 830 cm-1 which are assigned to the O-O stretch (mixed with the symmetric C-C stretch) and a band at 625 cm-1 that corresponds to nu(Fe-O). The UV-vis spectrum shows a charge-transfer (CT) transition at 510 nm from the alkylperoxo pi v* (v = vertical to C-O-O plane) to a d orbital of Fe(III). A second CT is identified from MCD at 370 nm that is assigned to a transition from pi h* (h = horizontal to C-O-O plane) to an Fe(III) d orbital. For the TPA complex the pi v* CT is at 560 nm while the pi h* CT is to higher energy than 250 nm. These spectroscopic differences between four- and six-coordinate Fe(III)-OOR complexes are interpreted on the basis of their different ligand fields. In addition, the electronic structure of Fe-OOPtn complexes with the biologically relevant pterinperoxo ligand are investigated. Substitution of the tert-butyl group in 1 by pterin leads to the corresponding Fe(III)-OOPtn species (2), which shows a stronger electron donation from the peroxide to Fe(III) than 1. This is related to the lower ionization potential of pterin. Reduction of 2 by one electron leads to the Fe(II)-OOPtn complex (3), which is relevant as a model for potential intermediates in pterin-dependent hydroxylases. However, in the four-coordinate ligand field of 3, the additional electron is located in a nonbonding d orbital of iron. Hence, the pterinperoxo ligand is not activated for heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond in this system. This is also evident from the calculated reaction energies that are endothermic by at least 20 kcal/mol. 相似文献
84.
Kiyoshi Endo Hiroharu Nagahama Takayuki Otsu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1979,17(11):3647-3653
A study of the monomer isomerization polymerization of 2-, 3-, and 4-octenes has been made with TiCl3–(C2H5)3Al catalyst at 80°C in comparison with the ordinary polymerization of 1-octene. It was found that all these octenes underwent monomer-isomerization polymerization to give high-molecular-weight homopolymer consisting exclusively of the 1-octene unit. The addition of an isomerization catalyst such as nickel acetylacetonate accelerated this polymerization. The rates of polymerization were found to decrease in the following order: 1-octene > 2-octene > 3-octene > 4-octene. These results indicate that the isomerization proceeded by a stepwise double-bond migration. It was also found that the monomer-isomerization copolymerization of 2-octene and 2-butene occurred under similar conditions and produced copolymers of both 1-olefin units. 相似文献
85.
Homoleptic cyclometalated iridium complexes with highly efficient red phosphorescence and application to organic light-emitting diode 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Tsuboyama A Iwawaki H Furugori M Mukaide T Kamatani J Igawa S Moriyama T Miura S Takiguchi T Okada S Hoshino M Ueno K 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(42):12971-12979
Phosphorescence studies of a series of facial homoleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been carried out. The complexes studied have the general structure Ir(III)(C-N)(3), where (C-N) is a monoanionic cyclometalating ligand: 2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)pyridinato, 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethylpyridinato, 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyridinato, 2,5-di(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)pyridinato, 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridinato, 2-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)pyridinato, 1-phenylisoquinolinato, 1-(thiophen-2-yl)isoquinolinato, or 1-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)isoquinolinato. Luminescence properties of all the complexes at 298 K in toluene are as follows: quantum yields of phosphorescence Phi(p) = 0.08-0.29, emission peaks lambda(max) = 558-652 nm, and emission lifetimes tau = 0.74-4.7 micros. Bathochromic shifts of the Ir(thpy)(3) family [the complexes with 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridine derivatives] are observed by introducing appropriate substituents, e.g., methyl, trifluoromethyl, or thiophen-2-yl. However, Phi(p) of the red emissive complexes (lambda(max) > 600 nm) becomes small, caused by a significant decrease of the radiative rate constant, k(r). In contrast, the complexes with the 1-arylisoquinoline ligands are found to have marked red shifts of lambda(max) and very high Phi(p) (0.19-0.26). These complexes are found to possess dominantly (3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited states and have k(r) values approximately 1 order of magnitude larger than those of the Ir(thpy)(3) family. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device that uses Ir(1-phenylisoquinolinato)(3) as a phosphorescent dopant produces very high efficiency (external quantum efficiency eta(ex) = 10.3% and power efficiency 8.0 lm/W at 100 cd/m(2)) and pure-red emission with 1931 CIE (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage) chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.68, y = 0.32). 相似文献
86.
A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of trace amounts of vanadium is described. Metal ions are converted into 2-(8-quinolylazo)-5-N,N-diethylaminophenol chelates in an off-line system. The chelates are injected onto a Zorbax CN column and separated with an aqueous acetonitrile mobile phase containing no chromogenic reagent. Unter these conditions, only vanadium(V) is spectrophotometrically detected at 540 nm among the metal ions Al(III), Ba(II), Ca(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ga(III), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), V(V) and Zn(II). Amounts of 8.0–200 pg of vanadium(V) in 100-μl injections can be determined without interference from 10-fold molar excesses of many cations. At 0.001 a.u.f.s., the detection limit (twice the peak-to-peak noise) for vanadium(V) is 8.0 pg in 100 μl of injected solution and the relative standard deviation at 120 pg of vanadium(V) in a 100-μl injection is 3.5%. The proposed method is applied to the determination of vanadium in rain water and airborne particulates. 相似文献
87.
Calculations are reported for the symmetric bending and stretching vibrational states of H3O+ and D3O+ including coupling between these two modes. The calculations were carried out by using a potential surface calculated by the SCF CI method and expressed in terms of symmetric internal coordinates. The transition energy of the ν2 (1? ← 0+) inversion mode is found to be 985 cm?1, which is comparable to the experimental value of 954.417 cm?1 observed by Haese and Oka. The calculated inversion doubling of the lowest state is 51 cm?1. 相似文献
88.
The 13C NMR chemical shifts of all the carbons in an a2u type iron(III) porphyrin radical cation, [Fe(TPP)Cl]+, have been determined for the first time by the titration method as well as by the chemical shift correlation; they are 2230, 1050, and -1910 ppm for the alpha-pyrrole, beta-pyrrole, and meso carbon atoms, respectively. 相似文献
89.
Xu Q Tanaka K Mori M Helaleh MI Hu W Hasebe K Toada H 《Journal of chromatography. A》2003,997(1-2):183-190
A monolithic ODS-silica gel column modified by saturating it with lithium dodecylsulfate (Li-DS) was used to demonstrate the high-speed separation of H+ from other mono- and divalent cations, such as Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ using ion chromatography (IC). Using a 5 mM EDTA-2K solution containing 0.10 mM Li-DS (pH 4.80) as eluent, H+ was eluted with a sharp and symmetrical peak within 1.0 min before other cations at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml min(-1). The rapid elution of H+ and its conductimetric detection could be attributed to the presence of EDTA (HY2-), which can convert H+ ions as anions. i.e. H(+) + H2Y(2-) --> H3Y(-). The acidity of rainwater and deionized water samples was determined using this IC system with satisfactory results. 相似文献
90.
Kiyoshi Endo Hajime Tsujikawa Takayuki Otsu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1986,24(7):1633-1642
5-Phenyl-2-pentene (5Ph2P) was found to undergo monomer-isomerization polymerization with TiCl3–R3Al (R = C2H5 or i-C4H9, Al/Ti > 2) catalysts to give a polymer consisting of exclusively 5-phenyl-1-pentene (5Ph1P) unit. The geometric and positional isomerizations of 5Ph2P to its terminal and other internal isomers were observed to occur during polymerization. The catalyst activity of alkylaluminum examined to TiCl3 was in the following order: (C2H5)3Al > (i-C4H9)3Al > (C2H5)2AlCl. The rate of monomer-isomerization polymerization of 5Ph2P with TiCl3–(C2H5)3Al catalyst was influenced by both the Al/Ti molar ratio and the addition of nickel acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2], and the maximum rate was observed at Al/Ti = 2.0 and Ni/Ti = 0.4 in molar ratios. 相似文献