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21.
The quality factor Q of a quadrupole vibration at 20 kHz has been measured for circular disks of several aluminum alloys in the temperature range 4–300 K. Q = 4 × 107 is obtained with disks of the 5056 alloy below 20 K. 相似文献
22.
Keietsu Tamagake Yoshiaki Hamada Jun Yamaguchi Akiko Y. Hirakawa Masamichi Tsuboi 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1974,49(2):232-240
Infrared absorption spectrum of NH2OH has been observed in its gaseous state, and the fine structures of the bands at 386 and 751 cm?1 assignable, respectively, to the fundamental and overtone of the torsional vibration of this molecule have been examined. Band center frequencies for the n = 1 ← 0, 2 ← 1, 3 ← 2, 2 ← 0, and 3 ← 1 transitions (where n is the vibrational quantum number of the torsional oscillation) have been determined to be 386.2, 365.1, 346.3, 751.2, and 711.3 cm?1, respectively. On the basis of these data, a discussion is given on the internal-rotation potential function. 相似文献
23.
Hirakawa K 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,386(2):244-248
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most important reactive oxygen species. In the present study, a fluorometry method for detecting H2O2 utilizing folic acid was evaluated. Folic acid was decomposed by H2O2 in the presence of Cu(II) into pterine-6-carboxylic acid, leading to strong fluorescence enhancement. In the absence of the
metal ion, superoxide and H2O2 could not decompose folic acid. Also, H2O2 plus sodium hypochlorite (a source of singlet oxygen) could not induce fluorescence enhancement. These results demonstrate
that H2O2 can be selectively detected using folic acid plus Cu(II). The limit of detection (LOD; at S/N=3) for H2O2 is 0.5 μM. This method based on the fluorescence enhancement of folic acid was applied in order to determine small amounts
of H2O2 generated through the autooxidation of semicarbazide (generation rate: ∼0.01 μM min−1), a carcinogenic compound.
相似文献
24.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, electrical conductivity (σ), and 7Li NMR spectroscopy characterization of n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOM solids (M = Li, Na, K; m?=?13, 15, 17, 19, 21) and mixed crystals n-C21H43COOLi x K(1???x) (0.25?≤?x?≤?0.75) was performed as a function of temperature. DSC thermograms of n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOM revealed several solid-solid phase transitions with large entropy changes. Electrical conductivity studies established that n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOLi crystals are poor electrical conductors. In contrast, n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOK salts were found to have σ values of 10???7–10???8 S·cm???1. Since the crystal structures and phase-transition temperatures of both n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOLi and n-C m H(2m?+?1)COOK crystals were similar, they were able to form mixed crystals with the structure n-C x H(2m?+?1)COOLi x K(1???x). DSC thermograms of the mixed crystals showed a small entropy change at the melting point (ΔS mp?<?13 J K???1 mol???1), in addition, large ΔS values at the solid-solid phase transition temperature. The σ values obtained for mixed crystals were roughly one order of magnitude greater than those determined for n-C21H43COOK crystals. 7Li NMR spectra of the mixed crystals recorded at various temperatures suggested that the self-diffusion of Li?+? ions was excited in the highest-temperature solid phase. Based on these results, we have classified these mixed crystals as rotator crystals. 相似文献
25.
The effect of the interaction between DNA and the photosensitizer on photosensitized singlet oxygen (1O2) generation was investigated using DNA-binding alkaloids, berberine and palmatine. These photosensitizers were bound to DNA by electrostatic force. Near-infrared luminescence measurement demonstrated that the photoexcited alkaloids can generate 1O2 only when the photosensitizers are bound to DNA. A fluorescence decay study showed significant enhancement of the lifetime of their photoexcited state with the DNA binding. A calculation study suggested that the electrostatic interaction with DNA inhibits the quenching of the photoexcited state of these alkaloids via intramolecular electron transfer, leading to the prolongation of the lifetime of their excited state. This effect should enhance their intersystem crossing and the yield of energy transfer to molecular oxygen. The results show that the electrostatic interaction with DNA significantly affects the 1O2 generation activity of a photosensitizer. In addition, this interaction may be applied to the control and the design of photosensitizers for medical applications such as photodynamic therapy. 相似文献
26.
Nishizawa M Hirakawa H Nakagawa Y Yamamoto H Namba K Imagawa H 《Organic letters》2007,9(26):5577-5580
The reaction of alkyl-substituted sec-ethoxyalkynyl acetates with water catalyzed by Hg(OTf)2 afforded alpha,beta-unsaturated esters in excellent yield with high catalytic turnover up to 1000 times under very mild reaction conditions with virtually complete E-selectivity, superior even to that of the HWE reaction. 相似文献
27.
UVA, which accounts for approximately 95% of solar UV radiation, can cause mutations and skin cancer. Based mainly on the results of our study, this paper summarizes the mechanisms of UVA-induced DNA damage in the presence of various photosensitizers, and also proposes a new mechanism for its chemoprevention. UVA radiation induces DNA damage at the 5'-G of 5'-GG-3' sequence in double-stranded DNA through Type I mechanism, which involves electron transfer from guanine to activated photosensitizers. Endogenous sensitizers such as riboflavin and pterin derivatives and an exogenous sensitizer nalidixic acid mediate DNA photodamage via this mechanism. The major Type II mechanism involves the generation of singlet oxygen from photoactivated sensitizers, including hematoporphyrin and a fluoroquinolone antibacterial lomefloxacin, resulting in damage to guanines without preference for consecutive guanines. UVA also produces superoxide anion radical by an electron transfer from photoexcited sensitizers to oxygen (minor Type II mechanism), and DNA damage is induced by reactive species generated through the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with metal ions. The involvement of these mechanisms in UVA carcinogenesis is discussed. In addition, we found that xanthone derivatives inhibited DNA damage caused by photoexcited riboflavin via the quenching of its excited triplet state. It is thus considered that naturally occurring quenchers including xanthone derivatives may act as novel chemopreventive agents against photocarcinogenesis. 相似文献
28.
Hiroyuki Kawano Tomonori Mori Yasuyuki Hirakawa Totaro Imasaka 《Optics Communications》1999,160(4-6):277-282
Stimulated Raman emission from liquid dibromomethane (vibrational Raman shift frequency, 588 cm−1) is introduced into hydrogen gas (rotational Raman shift frequency, 587 cm−1) as a seed beam, in order to generate numerous rotational lines by four-wave Raman mixing. Unexpectedly, a supercontinuum, which is generated by self-phase modulation in dibromomethane, acted as a seed beam to exclusively generate vibrational lines; the rotational lines are generated only when the supercontinuum is minimal. The former is explained by a competition between the high-gain vibrational and low-gain rotational Raman effects when strongly seeded by a supercontinuum. The latter is explained by stimulated Raman gain under the seed effect exclusively to the first-Stokes rotational line. 相似文献
29.
The heat produced in conjunction with the processes of stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave Raman mixing in hydrogen
was measured by photothermal refraction spectroscopy. Many vibrational, rotational, and vibrationally shifted rotational Raman
lines are exclusively/simultaneously generated by changing the polarization of the laser beam and the hydrogen pressure. Thermal
loss occurs predominantly from vibrational Raman scattering, which can be ascribed to a large Raman shift frequency of 4155 cm-1 for the vibrational transition. In contrast to stimulated Raman scattering, little or no thermal loss is observable during
the process of four-wave Raman mixing.
Received: 12 April 1999 / Revised version: 12 July 1999 / Published online: 20 October 1999 相似文献
30.
Hirakawa K Kawanishi S Matsumoto J Shiragami T Yasuda M 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2006,82(1):37-44
The dihydroxo(tetraphenylporphyrinato)antimony(V) complex (SbTPP) demonstrates bactericidal activity under visible-light irradiation. This phototoxic effect could be caused by photodamage to biomolecules, but the mechanism has not been well understood. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of phototoxicity by SbTPP, DNA damage photosensitized by SbTPP was examined using [(32)P]-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments. SbTPP induced markedly severe photodamage to single-stranded rather than to double-stranded DNA. Photo-irradiated SbTPP frequently caused DNA cleavage at the guanine residue of single-stranded DNA after Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase or piperidine treatment. HPLC measurement confirmed the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), an oxidation product of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and showed that the content of 8-oxodG in single-stranded DNA is larger than that in double-stranded DNA. The effects of scavengers of reactive oxygen species on DNA damage suggested the involvement of singlet oxygen. These results have shown that the mechanism via singlet oxygen formation mainly contributes to the phototoxicity of SbTPP. On the other hand, SbTPP induced DNA damage specifically at the underlined G of 5'-GG, 5'-GGG, and 5'-GGGG in double-stranded DNA. The sequence-specificity of DNA damage is quite similar to that induced by the type I photosensitizers, suggesting that photo-induced electron transfer slightly participates in the phototoxicity of SbTPP. In conclusion, SbTPP induces DNA photodamage via singlet oxygen formation and photo-induced electron transfer. A similar mechanism can damage other biomacromolecules, such as protein and the phospholipid membrane. The damage to biomacromolecules via these mechanisms may participate in the phototoxicity of SbTPP. 相似文献