Local environment and property of water inside the hollow cylinder of a lipid nanotube

We investigated the local environment of water confined inside the hollow cylinder of lipid nanotubes (LNTs) by time-resolved fluorescent measurements and attenuated-total-reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The LNT was obtained by self-assembly of cardanyl glucosides in water at room temperature and had an open-ended cylindrical nanospace with a diameter of 10-15 nm, a length of 10-100 microm, and hydrophilic inner and outer surfaces. We introduced a fluorescent probe of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate into the confined water and observed an extremely slow dynamic Stokes shift with a correlation time of 1.26 ns, which was 2-3 orders of magnitude longer than that of bulk-phase water. From the peak shift of the fluorescent spectrum, the local solvent polarity (ET(30)) of the confined water was estimated as 50 kcal/mol, which is 20% lower than that in bulk water. ATR-IR measurements showed that the hydrogen-bond network of water inside the LNT was more developed than that in bulk water at room temperature, which is in contrast to the water in other self-assembled confined geometries, such as Aerosol-OT (AOT) reversed micelles.     

Cycloleonurinin, a cyclic peptide from Leonuri Fructus

From Leonuri Fructus, a cyclic peptide composed of twelve amino acid residues was isolated. The sequence of the residues was established by mass spectroscopy and by the use of a protein sequencer for the partial hydrolysates obtained by alpha-chymotrypsin.     

The organic solvent effect on phosphomolybdic acid and its analytical application

The ultraviolet spectra of phosphomolybdic acid in aqueous and mixed solvent systems were studied. The spectra are profoundly affected by the addition of organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, ethanol and their homologues and eventually exhibit an absorption maximum at 310 run. The formation of phosphomolybdic acid was found to be quantitative even with low concentrations of molybdate ions (ca. 10(-4)M) at pH about 3. By using these facts, a simple method for direct spectrophotometric determination of phosphate ion has been developed.     

Spin polarization of photoelectrons from solid cesium by circularly polarized light

The spin polarization of photoelectrons excited in cesium metal by circularly polarized light is discussed using group theoretical methods. Calculations of the spin polarization have been performed for direct transitions at the-point and between, and states. The results suggest that photoelectrons excited in monocrystalline Cs could have a high degree of spin polarization which depends both on the wave vector of the electrons and on the energy of the absorbed photon. Measurement of this polarization should allow the spin-orbit splitting of different energy bands to be determined.     

Preparation of polyaryl esters by a new direct polycondensation reaction with arylsulfonyl chlorides in pyridine

Arylsulfonyl chlorides were successfully used as a new condensing agent for the synthesis of polyaryl esters by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols. High-molecular-weight polymers (M_w = 84,000) were prepared by reacting dicarboxylic acids with the sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine in the presence of LiCI, followed by treating with a pyridine solution of bisphenols. The polycondensation was significantly affected by factors, such as, the kind of arylsulfonyl chlorides, its amount, the conditions of initial reaction of the acids with the sulfonyl chlorides, the amounts of LiCI added, and dropwise addition of bisphenols.     

Values of the double sine function

We calculate basic values of the double sine function. The algebraicity for some special values is proved. Its behavior in the fundamental domain is also studied. Especially we show that it has just two extremes: one relative maximum and one relative minimum. Asymptotic formulas for these extremal values are proved.