High-spin states in odd-odd 168Lu

High-spin states in the odd-odd ¹⁶⁸Lu nucleus, populated in the ¹⁵⁴Sm(¹⁹F,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 96 MeV, were investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy techniques. The BC neutron crossing in the yrast band, based on πg _7/2[404]7/2⁺⊗νi _13/2[642]5/2⁺ configuration, occurs at ħω= 0.31 MeV. The two side bands, based on πh _11/2[514]9/2⁻⊗νi _13/2[642]5/2⁺ and πh _9/2[541]1/2⁻⊗νi _13/2[642]5/2⁺ configurations, show anomalous signature-splitting and signature-inversion in the first one, to occur at ħω= 0.24 MeV. A moderately delayed BC-crossing is anticipated in the second one. Received: 15 June 1998 / Revised version: 11 January 1999     

Effect of surface-topology on magnetic properties in (La0.6Eu0.4)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 of anisotropic shape of nanoplates

(La_0.6Eu_0.4)_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ has been prepared in the shape of nanoplates of single crystallites (an orthorhombic structure) through polymer templates. HRTEM images reveal 18, 25, and 30 nm thicknesses of plates after heating a precursor powder at 873, 1073, and 1273 K in air for 2 h. These values present average crystallite size determined from broadening of the X-ray diffraction peaks. A spin-glass-like surface (GS) overlayer (3-5 nm thickness) in such plates facilitates a ferromagnetic→ferrimagnetic reordering with markedly suppressed Curie point T_C, i.e., as small as 90 K in a 873 K heated sample, from the parent value 268 K. The T_C point increases to 103 K (or 120 K) when heating at higher temperature 1073 (or 1273 K), during which the core grows at the expense of the overlayer. The GS tailors as high coercivity H_c as 617 Oe in the zero field cooled (ZFC) sample that is decreased to 500 Oe in the field cooled (FC) sample in the surface spin-freezing along the field direction. The H_c-value (ZFC) that steps down successively to 252 Oe on the overlayer is thinned down by heating at 1273 K. Samples heated at 873, 1073, or 1273 K have regularly increased saturation magnetization 35.3, 63.9, or 69.6 emu/g in ZFC, while 43.7, 70.2, or 75.5 emu/g in FC measured at 10 K. The ferrimagnetic reordering are described based on the scenario of an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the Eu³⁺ and Mn³⁺ (or Mn⁴⁺) sublattices.     

Analysis of crystal binding of ammonium halides

Electronic polarizabilities and sizes of ions in NH₄Cl, NH₄Br and NH₄I crystals are calculated using Ruffa's theory and an empirical relation between polarizability and radius. Using the electronic polarizabilities we have estimated the van der Waals dipole-dipole and dipole-quadrupole potentials following the Slater-Kirkwood varitional method. These potentials and ionic radii are then used to calculate the cohesive energies of ammonium halides. The results are discussed and compared with those of other investigators.     

Microwave-sintered Pr<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Sm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, and Gd<Superscript>3+</Superscript> triple-doped ceria electrolyte material for IT-SOFC applications

The Pr³⁺, Sm³⁺, and Gd³⁺ triple-doped ceria Ce_0.76Pr_0.08Sm_0.08Gd_0.08O_2-δ material as solid electrolyte for IT-SOFC has been successfully synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion route. The effect of microwave sintering (1300 °C for 15, 30, and 60 min, named as PSG-MS15, PSG-MS30, and PSG-MS60, respectively) on structural, electrical, and thermal properties of prepared electrolyte material has been studied. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Raman analysis revealed the single phase, microstructure, elemental confirmation, and structural oxygen vacancy formation of all the samples. Impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed the highest total ionic conductivity, i.e., 3.47 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 at 600 °C with minimum activation energy of 0.69 eV, in PSG-MS30 sample when compared to PSG-MS15 and PSG-MS60. The thermal expansion measurements have been carried out for PSG-MS30 specimen. The highest total ionic conductivity with minimum activation energy and moderate thermal expansion coefficient of PSG-MS30 sample makes the possibility of its use as solid electrolyte in IT-SOFC applications.     

Observation of enhanced dielectric permittivity in Bi doped BaFe12O19 ferrite

The dielectric properties of a 2.5 mol% Bi₂O₃ doped Ba-ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) have been investigated. The specimen shows a drastically enhanced (≈ 10⁵ times) permittivity (ε) through local polarization of Fe³⁺ electronic charges activated with nearby Bi³⁺ sites. The ε value also depends reasonably on thermal annealing (causes grain growth) of the samples. The specimens comprising large particle sizes (1–20 μ m) usually exhibit smaller ε values and low dielectric losses.     

Fast evaluation of time domain fields in sub-wavelength source/observer distributions using accelerated Cartesian expansions (ACE)

Time domain integral equation solvers for transient scattering from electrically large objects have benefitted significantly from acceleration techniques like the plane wave time domain (PWTD) algorithm; these techniques reduce the asymptotic CPU and memory cost. However, PWTD breaks down when used in the analysis of structures that have subwavelength features or features whose length scales are orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest wavelength in the incident pulse. Instances of these occurring in electromagnetics range from antenna topologies, to feed structures, etc. In this regime, it is the geometric constraints that dictate the computational complexity, as opposed to the wavelength of interest. In this work, we present an approach for efficient analysis of such sub-wavelength source/observer distributions in time domain. The methodology that we seek to exploit is the recently developed algorithm based on Cartesian expansions for accelerating the computation of potentials of the form R^ν. In this paper, we present an efficient methodology for computing these polynomials for two different scenarios; where the size of the domain spans the distance travelled by light in (i) one time step and (ii) multiple time steps. These algorithms are cast within the framework of both uniform and non-uniform distributions. Results that demonstrate the efficiency and convergence of the proposed algorithm are presented.     

CP violation,flavour violation and fermion mass relations in some horizontal gauge theories

Six-quark horizontal gauge models incorporating a natural suppression mechanism for diagonal flavour-changing currents are considered. Some interesting possibilities for CP violation, flavour violation, fermion mass and mixing angle relations in these models are studied.     

Electronic polarizabilities of ions in transition metal oxides

A method for evaluating the electronic polarizabilities from ionic radii in transition metal oxides has been suggested. The ionic radii used in the present calculations are those deduced from the electron density measurements. The calculated polarizabilities agree closely with the experimental values obtained from the electronic dielectric constant.     

Studies on the coagulation of vanadic acid sol

Summary A number of maxima and minima have been observed in the curves representing p_H variation on the stepwise addition of mono- and bivalent electrolytes to the sol of vanadic acid. Before coagulation BaCl₂ and KCl give out equal amount of alkali, but after coagulation BaCl₂ system generates greater amount of acid than KCl. There is a steep fall in the p_H value after coagulation. These variations are irregular and do not depend on the valency of coagulating electrolytes. These observations have been accounted for the complex composition of the vanadic acid sol and also due to the presence of long randomly oriented rod shaped sol particles, whose sphere of action are uncertain.

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Zusammenfassung Kurven, die die p_H-Variation bei schrittweiser Zufügung von ein- und zweiwertigen Elektrolyten zu Vanadins?uresol darstellen, zeigen Maxima und Minima. Vor Eintritt der Koagulation entsteht mit Barium- und Kaliumchlorid-Zusatz der gleiche Betrag von Alkali, doch nach der Koagulation liefert das Bariumchlorid-System h?here Betr?ge an S?ure als das Kaliumchlorid-System. Es findet ein steiler Abfall im P_H-Wert nach der Koagulation statt. Diese Ver?nderungen sind irregul?r und h?ngen nicht von der Valenz der koagulierenden Elektrolyte ab. Die Beobachtungen werden der komplexen Zusammensetzung des Vanadins?uresols zugeschrieben, und ebenso wirkt sich die Form als statistisch orientierten als lange St?bchen vorliegenden Solpartikel aus, über deren „Wirkungssph?re“ sich wenig sagen l?\t.