Conductance studies of NaCl,KCl, NaBr,KBr, NaI,Bu<Subscript>4</Subscript>NI,and NaBPh<Subscript>4</Subscript> in water + 2-propoxyethanol mixtures at 298.15 K

The molar conductances of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), sodium iodide (NaI), tetrabutylammonium iodide (Bu₄NI), and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh₄) in water?+?2-propoxyethanol binary mixtures at T?=?298.15 K were determined. Conductance values were analyzed using a low-concentration chemical model (lcCM). The ionic conductivities of Na⁺, K⁺, Bu₄N⁺, Cl^?, I^?, Br^?, and BPh₄ ^? ions were determined using Fuoss–Hirsch’s assumption. The dependencies of the values of limiting molar conductance (Λ _o), limiting ionic conductance of the individual anions (λ _o ^± ), and Walden products (Λ _o???η and λ _o ^± ???η) as a function of the composition of water?+?2-propoxyethanol binary mixtures were discussed.

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Graphical abstract Limiting molar conductances Λ _o [S·cm²·mol^?1] of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, NaBPh₄, and NBu₄I as a function of the mole fraction, x ₂, in water (1)?+?2-propoxyethanol (2) mixtures at 298.15 K: empty diamonds NaCl, empty squares NaBr, empty triangles NaI, filled triangles KCl, filled squares NaBPh₄, and filled diamonds NBu₄I

     

Thermodynamic and structural properties of binary mixtures of some glycols with 2-butoxyethanol at T = (293.15, 298.15 and 303.15) K

Densities and relative permittivities at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K in the binary mixtures of 2-butoxyethanol with ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol have been measured as a function of composition. From the experimental data excess molar volumes and deviations in relative permittivity have been calculated over the entire composition range. Both excess molar volumes and relative permittivity deviations have been correlated using Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation by the method of least-squares for the estimation of the binary coefficients and the standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities were used to analyze the mixing behaviour of the components.     

Studies on the catalysis of the reaction of organotin phenoxides with bis(2,2,2‐trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate by lithium perchlorate

Organotin phenoxides, which are distinctly more active than the corresponding phenols, react at room temperature with bis(2,2,2‐trichloroethyl) azodicarboxylate to produce para‐substituted phenolic hydrazides in high yields. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Excess molar volumes and deviations of the relative permittivity of the binary mixtures of 2-propoxyethanol with diethylene,triethylene, and tetraethylene glycols at various temperatures

Densities and relative permittivities at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K in the binary liquid mixtures of 2-propoxyethanol with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol have been measured over the entire mixture compositions. These data have been used to compute the excess molar volumes and deviations of the relative permittivity. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions in the bulk of studied the binary mixtures.     

Speeds of sound and isentropic compressibilities of (2-ethoxyethanol + ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol) binary mixtures at 298.15 K

The speed of sound (u) has been obtained at a frequency of 8.3 MHz in {CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH + HOCH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)_nOH}for n = 0, 1, 2, and 3 over the whole composition range of studied binary liquid mixtures, at T = 298.15 K. The speed of sound values were combined with those of our previous results for densities and viscosities to obtain isentropic compressibility (κ_s), free volume (V_f), and intermolecular free length (L_f). From all these data excess isentropic compressibility (κ_s^E), excess free volume (V_f^E) and excess intermolecular free length (L_f^E) as well as the deviations of the speed of sound (Δu) were obtained. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solutions.     

Densities and relative permittivities of binary mixtures containing dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether

Relative permittivities () and densities () of numerous binary mixtures of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (1)+propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether (2) and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (1)+dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether (2) at five temperatures, between (293.15 and 313.15) K, are reported. The excess molar volumes (V ^E) and the relative permittivity deviations () were calculated from these experimental data. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions in the bulk of studied the binary mixtures.     

Densities and relative permittivities for mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol with DEA and TEA, at various temperatures

Densities () and relative permittivities () of numerous binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol (ME) (1)+diethylamine (DEA) (2) at four temperatures and 2-methoxyethanol (1)+triethylamine (TEA) (2) at five temperatures, between (291.15 and 313.15) K, are reported. These results are used to calculate excess molar volumes, and deviations in the relative permittivities. The results are fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary coefficients and standard errors. Furthermore, the experimental results are used to disclose the nature of binary interactions in the bulk of studied the binary mixtures.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.