Chromatic Properties of Si02-BaO-TiO2-K2O Series Radial Gradient-Index Material

Chromatic properties of SiO₂-BaO-TiO₂-K₂O series radial gradient-index material in the range of visible wavelengths are presented and the possibility of apochromatic microscope objectives is considered.     

Solid solution of triptycenequinone and triptycenehydroquinone as a non-stoichiometric quinhydrone. Bathochromic changes in color caused by local intermolecular interaction between p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone moieties

Binary crystal formed by 9,10-dihydro-9,10-[o]benzenoanthracene-1,4-dione (triptycenequinone, TPQ, yellow) and 9,10-dihydro-9,10-[o]benzenoanthracene-1,4-diol (triptycenehydroquinone, TPHQ, colorless) was found to be a substitutional solid solution of TPQ doped by TPHQ with concentration of TPHQ<ca. 0.2. The characteristic color (brown) of the solid solution may be ascribed to local intermolecular CT interaction between the p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone moieties of TPQ and TPHQ, respectively, enabled by a disorder in the binary crystal. It seemed appropriate to regard the solid solution as non-stoichiometric quinhydrone. Crystal structure of pure TPHQ is also reported. A common molecular arrangement in the crystals of pure TPQ and pure TPHQ, as well as the resemblance in the molecular structure, seems to be favorable for the formation of the solid solution.     

New Synthetic Approach to 4-N-Arylaminoazuleno[2,1-d]pyrimides

1-Cyano-2-N,N-dimethylformamidinylazulenes as new synthons directed to heterocycle-fused azulenes were obtained by the condensation of 2-amino-1-cyanoazulenes and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA). 1-Cyano-2-N,N-dimethylformamidinylazulene (2a) and 1-bromo-3-cyano-2-N,N-dimethylformamidinylazulene (2b) reacted with anilines (3a–h) to give 4-N-arylaminoazuleno-[2,1-d]pyrimidines in moderate yields. This reaction provides a new procedure for synthesis of pyrimidine-fused azulenes.     

Crystal structure of Diels-Alder cycloadduct formed from 1-(1,2,3-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-isoindole and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.

The structure of the Diels-Alder cycloadduct formed from 2-(1,2,3-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-(p-tolyl)-2H-isoindole and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was proved as 11-aza-1-(1,2,3-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-11-(4-methylphenyl)-tricyclo-[5.2.1.0(2.7)]undeca-2,4,6.9-tetraene-9,10-dioic acid dimethyl ester. The benzotriazole moiety was located as its 1-yl form, analogous to previous reports. The benzotriazole and the benzene (of tricyclo framework) planes were twisted with an angle of 115.83 degrees. Intramolecular close contacts between benzotriazole and ester are characteristic [N(3)...C(26), 2.754(3)A; N(3)...H(22), 3.26(4)A]. The shortest contact of N(3)...H(22) accounting for the rotation of the methyl group is estimated to be 3.10 A, which might be reasonable as C-H...N-type hydrogen bonding.     

Intervalence charge-transfer system by 1D assembly of new mixed-valence octanuclear CuI/CuII/CuIII cluster units

The reaction of Cu(Hm-dtc)(2), Br(2), and CuBr(2) yielded a new mixed-valence octanuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Cu(III) cluster, encapsulating a Br anion in the center of the cluster cage. The octanuclear cluster units form a 1D assemblage, which induces intervalence charge-transfer transitions from Cu(II) ions to Cu(III) ions between the clusters.     

Fluctuation of gauge field for general nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation and covariant version of Fisher information matrix

We clarify a strong link between general nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with gauge fields associated with nonequilibrium dynamics and the Fisher information of the system. The notion of Abelian gauge theory for the non-equilibrium Fokker-Planck equation has proposed in the literature, in which the associated curvature represents internal geometry. We present the fluctuation of the gauge field can be decomposed into three parts. We further show that if we define the Fisher information matrix by using a covariant derivative then it gives correlation of the flux components but it is not gauge invariant.