Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles Containing Azulene Moiety

Microwave-assisted as well as conventional synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing the azulene moiety was carried out, and their antifungal activity is also reported.     

Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-hydroxy-4,9-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-4,9-diones

3-(2-Bromoacetyl)tropolone ( 1 ) reacted with benzaldehydes 2a-g in the pressence of alkali at low temperature to give 2-aryl-3-hydroxy-4,9-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-4,9-diones 3a-g in good yields.     

Synthesis of gamma-hydroxybutenolides applying crossed aldol condensation in the presence of a bulky lewis acid and their anti-tumor activity

An improved synthesis of gamma-hydroxybutenolides 1a-d was achieved via crossed aldol condensation between aldehydes 2a-d and the protected gamma-hydroxy-beta-methylbutenolides 3 or 4 using the bulky Lewis acid, aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH). Using this same methodology, the gamma-hydroxybutenolides 17a-d having various heteroaromatic rings were synthesized and their anti-tumor activities were evaluated.     

On the existence of multiple positive solutions of quasilinear elliptic eigenvalue problems

We study a quasilinear elliptic problem

Buffer-gas pressure broadening for the 2ν3 band of methane measured with continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Buffer-gas pressure broadening for the P(1), Q(1), R(0) and R(1) transitions in the 2ν ₃ band of CH₄ was investigated in the 1660 nm region. The pressure broadening coefficients, γ(gas), were determined for a variety of buffer gases: N₂, O₂, He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe. The γ values generally increased with increasing polarizability of the buffer gases. γ(air) are 0.056(2) for P(1), 0.056(1) for R(0), 0.061(1) for R(1) and 0.059(1) for Q(1) in units of cm⁻¹ atm⁻¹ where numbers in parentheses are one standard deviation in units of the last digits quoted. The temperature dependent parameter (broadening exponent) for air is 0.84(7) for P(1) within the temperature range 233–298 K.     

Amber Extract Reduces Lipid Content in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Activating the Lipolysis Pathway

Amber—the fossilized resin of trees—is rich in terpenoids and rosin acids. The physiological effects, such as antipyretic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory, were used in traditional medicine. This study aims to clarify the physiological effects of amber extract on lipid metabolism in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Mature adipocytes are used to evaluate the effect of amber extract on lipolysis by measuring the triglyceride content, glucose uptake, glycerol release, and lipolysis-related gene expression. Our results show that the amount of triacylglycerol, which is stored in lipid droplets in mature adipocytes, decreases following 96 h of treatment with different concentrations of amber extract. Amber extract treatment also decreases glucose uptake and increases the release of glycerol from the cells. Moreover, amber extract increases the expression of lipolysis-related genes encoding perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and promotes the activity of HSL (by increasing HSL phosphorylation). Amber extract treatment also regulates the expression of other adipocytokines in mature adipocytes, such as adiponectin and leptin. Overall, our results indicate that amber extract increases the expression of lipolysis-related genes to induce lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells, highlighting its potential for treating various obesity-related diseases.     

Synthesis, Antigenicity Against Human Sera and Structure-Activity Relationships of Carbohydrate Moieties from <em>Toxocara</em> larvae and Their Analogues

Stereocontrolled syntheses of biotin-labeled oligosaccharide portions containing the Galβ1-3GalNAc core of the TES-glycoprotein antigen obtained from larvae of the parasite Toxocara and their analogues have been accomplished. Trisaccharides Fuc2Meα1-2Gal4Meβ1-3GalNAcα1-OR (A), Fucα1-2Gal4Meβ1-3GalNAcα1-OR (B), Fuc2Meα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-OR (C), Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-OR (D) and a disaccharide Fuc2Meα1-2Gal4Meβ1-OR (E) (R = biotinylated probe) were synthesized by block synthesis using 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1?3)-2-azide-4-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside as a common glycosyl acceptor. We examined the antigenicity of these five oligosaccharides by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrate that the O-methyl groups in these oligosaccharides are important for their antigenicity and the biotinylated oligosaccharides A, B, C and E have high serodiagnostic potential to detect infections caused by Toxocara larvae.     

A (C o)-group generated by the lévy laplacian

In this paper, we discuss a (C _o)-group generated by the Lévy Laplacian acting on a domain in the space of Hida distributions. We also give a relationship between the analytic extension of this (C _o)-group and the adjoint operator of an infinite dimensional Fourier-Mehler transform introduced by H.- H. Kuo     

Synthesis of 2,2a,4,5-tetraazabenz[cd] azulene derivatives

3-Methyl-1,8-dihydrocycloheptapyrazol-8-one hydrazone ( 5 ) reacted with triethyl ortho-formate, orthoacetate and orthopropionate to afford 2,2a,4,5-tetraazabenz[cd]azulene derivatives ( 7a-c ). 3-Methyl- ( 7b ) and 3-phenyl-substituted compounds ( 7d ) were also obtained by the reactions of 5 with acetyl and benzoyl chlorides, respectively.