Incentives and the needham paradox: An agent-based perspective

This article discusses how restructured incentives could have inhibited innovation in ancient China and explain the Needham paradox. Agents in a genetic algorithmic game maximize their payoffs by choosing between innovating and studying the Classics. By restructuring incentives toward studying the Classics, initial spurts of innovation are smothered, resulting in a population with all agents studying the Classics. The incentive structure has a statistically and quantitatively significant impact on the expected average payoffs and the strategy profile of the population: the average payoffs for a regime which rewards innovation fluctuate more but are always higher and the strategy profile is varied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012     

Inequalities Involving Superquadratic Functions and Operators

By the use of some integral inequalities containing superquadratic functions, we obtain an inequality which generalizes some previous results. We also present an inequality for positive linear mappings of operators on Hilbert spaces. Some applications and examples are given as well.     

A characterization of mean values for Csiszár’s inequality and applications

We characterize all mean values for Csiszár’s inequality in information theory as well as all mean values for the triangle inequality. Several examples are given as well. Also, as an application, we improve the Cauchy–Schwarz operator inequality.     

Giant Enhancement of Second Harmonic Generation Accompanied by the Structural Transformation of 7‐Fold to 8‐Fold Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Interpenetration in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an intriguing phenomenon with significant impacts on their properties, and functional applications. Herein, we show that a 7‐fold interpenetrated MOF ( 1 ) is transformed into an 8‐fold interpenetrated MOF by the loss of DMF in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner. This is accompanied by a giant enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG ca. 125 times) and two‐photon photoluminescence (ca. 14 times). The strengthened π–π interaction between the individual diamondoid networks and intensified oscillator strength of the molecules aid the augment of dipole moments and boost the nonlinear optical conversion efficiency. Large positive and negative thermal expansions of 1 occur at 30–150 °C before the loss of DMF. These results offer an avenue to manipulate the NLO properties of MOFs using interpenetration and provide access to tunable single‐crystal NLO devices.