Positive Operator Majorization and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-hyponormality

In this note we examine the relationships between p-hyponormal operators and the operator inequality . This leads to a method for generating examples of p-hyponormal operators which are not q-hyponormal for any . Our methods are also shown to have implications for the class of Furuta type inequalities.     

Oscillation theorems for self-adjoint matrix Hamiltonian systems involving general means

By use of monotone functionals and positive linear functionals, a generalized Riccati transformation and the general means technique, some new oscillation criteria for the following self-adjoint Hamiltonian matrix system

(E)     

Non-expansive Mappings and Iterative Methods in Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces

In this article, we will investigate the properties of iterative sequence for non-expansive mappings and present several strong and weak convergence results of successive approximations to fixed points of non-expansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. The results presented in this article generalize and improve various ones concerned with constructive techniques for the fixed points of non-expansive mappings.     

Short-Range Inverse-Square Law Experiment in Space

The objective of ISLES (Inverse-Square Law Experiment in Space) is to perform a null test of Newton's law in space with a resolution of one part in 10⁵ or better at 100 m. ISLES will be sensitive enough to detect axions with the strongest allowed coupling and probe large extra dimensions of string theory down to a few m. The experiment will be cooled to 2 K, which permits superconducting magnetic levitation of the test masses. This soft, low-loss suspension, combined with a low-noise SQUID, leads to extremely low intrinsic noise in the detector. To minimize Newtonian errors, ISLES employs a near null source, a circular disk of large diameter-to-thickness ratio. Two test masses, also disk-shaped, are suspended on the two sides of the source mass at a nominal distance of 100 m. The signal is detected by a superconducting differential accelerometer.     

Depth-enhanced integral imaging by use of optical path control

The image depth of integral imaging is enhanced by doubling the number of central depth planes by use of optical path control. To accomplish this, the optical path lengths are changed by controlling whether reflections occur behind the lens array. We propose three schemes that use mirrors, a combination of beam splitters and polarizers, and polarization beam splitters, respectively. In experiments we implement the systems that are completely electronically controllable, are compact, and provide two central depth planes with 50.4-mm separation.     

Double-clad fiber for endoscopy

Endoscopes employing a single optical fiber may have advantages over conventional fiber-bundle or CCD array imaging techniques, including the potential for greater flexibility and miniaturization. Although single-mode fibers can provide superior resolution compared with multimode fibers, they are prone to increased speckle noise and suffer from limited optical throughput and reduced depth of field. We demonstrate the use of a double-clad fiber for single-mode illumination and multimode detection to achieve high-resolution, reduced-speckle imaging with high optical throughput and a large depth of field.     

In vivo human retinal imaging by ultrahigh-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography

An ultrahigh-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system is presented that achieves acquisition rates of 29,300 depth profiles/s. The sensitivity of SD-OCT and time domain OCT (TD-OCT) are experimentally compared, demonstrating a 21.7-dB improvement of SD-OCT over TD-OCT. In vivo images of the human retina are presented, demonstrating the ability to acquire high-quality structural images with an axial resolution of 6 microm at ultrahigh speed and with an ocular exposure level of less than 600 microW.     

Enantioseparation using sulfated cyclosophoraoses as a novel chiral additive in capillary electrophoresis

Highly sulfated cyclosophoraoses (HS-Cys) were synthesized by the chemical modification of a family of neutral cyclosophoraoses isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The HS-Cys were then analytically characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These HS-Cys were successfully used as a novel chiral additive, in low-pH aqueous background electrolytes, for capillary electrophoretic separation of five basic chiral drugs such as arterenol, atenolol, isoproterenol, propranolol, and metoprolol.     

Synthesis of hydroxybiphenyls

Cyclohexylphenols were converted into hydroxybiphenyls via dehydration over large-scale palladium catalysts. The process involves slow reaction of the substrate with active centers of the catalyst with subsequent fast product formation and hydrogen desorption.Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 40, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1337–1339.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Kuznetsova, Postnova, S. Koshel, Lebedeva, Yunkova, G. Koshel.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance study of self-diffusion in liquid crystals

A simple and accurate pulsed-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique for measuring coefficients of self-diffusion in liquid crystals is described. It is based on exciting sharp response signals with long weak pulses. The method uses an extremely weak radio-frequency field, which eliminates the problem of radio-frequency heating of the sample. The temperature dependencies of coefficients of self-diffusion for two liquid crystals, 5CB (4-pentyl-4(')-cyanobiphenyl) and EBBA (N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline), are presented.