Reconstructing parameters of sediment layers of a shallow sea bottom using broadband seismoacoustic sources

We study the possibilities of reconstructings the parameters of the sediment layers of a shallow sea bottom from interference patterns appearing during sounding of the bottom by broadband seismoacoustic sources with a bistatic sea-bottom sounding scheme, adaptive signal reception with a horizontal array, and matched filtration of low-frequency seismoacoustic pulses excited with an air gun and interacting with the sea bottom, as well as seismoacoustic noise from a vessel in a shallow sea. The parameters of sediment layers of the sea bottom are reconstructed by statistical checking of hypotheses on the parameters of dynamic spectra obtained by parametric models. Comparative possibilities of reconstructing sea bottom parameters with bistatic and monostatic observation schemes are discussed.     

Coherent marine seismoacoustics: New approaches to reconstructing bottom layer structures in shelf water areas

Results from the theoretical development and experimental study of the coherent seismoacoustic sounding of the sea floor under natural conditions are discussed. Ways of solving the inverse problem of estimating the geoacoustic parameters of the bottom layer by layer are proposed, and their effectiveness and robustness are analyzed numerically. Practical means of seismoacoustic profiling and reconstructing the parameters of individual layers at the sea floors of the shallow water areas using coherent hydroacoustic radiating elements of original design are demonstrated.     

Minimum dissipative relaxed states in toroidal plasmas

Relaxation of toroidal discharges is described by the principle of minimum energy dissipation together with the constraint of conserved global helicity. The resulting Euler-Lagrange equation is solved in toroidal coordinates for an axisymmetric torus by expressing the solutions in terms of Chandrasekhar-Kendall (C-K) eigenfunctions analytically continued in the complex domain. The C-K eigenfunctions are obtained as hypergeometric functions that are solutions of scalar Helmholtz equation in toroidal coordinates in the large aspect-ratio approximation. Equilibria are constructed by assuming the current to vanish at the edge of plasma. For the m=0, n=0 (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers respectively) relaxed states, the magnetic field, current, q (safety factor) and pressure profiles are calculated for a given value of aspect-ratio of the torus and for different values of the eigenvalue λ _{r 0}. The new feature of the present model is that solutions allow for both tokamak as well as RFP-like behaviour with increase in the values of λ _{r 0}, which is related directly to volt-sec in the experiment.     

Effect of lower alcohols on adsorption characteristics of sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions at liquid-gas interfaces

The dynamics of a decrease in the surface tension is studied for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and its mixtures with lower alcohols (ethanol and n-propanol). Two approaches are analyzed as applied to the estimation of the adsorption of two surfactants from their mixed solutions at a liquid—gas interface, i.e., the Frumkin generalized model and the Fainerman—Miller model. It is shown that both approaches adequately describe the concentration dependences experimentally measured for the surface tension of sodium dodecyl sulfate—lower alcohol mixtures.     

Optimization of mode composition of the acoustic field excited by a vertical antenna array in a shallow sea

The problem statement is described, and the solution to the problem of optical tuning of the radiating antenna array providing for the optimal mode composition of the field radiated to a waveguide is determined. Matlab software is developed based on the proposed algorithms, and the optimal fields for shallow sea waveguides are calculated.     

Antioxidant activity of humic acids in radical-chain oxidation processes

The behavior of humic acids in radical-chain oxidation processes was examined by the gas-volumetric method using model hydrocarbons (cumene and ethylbenzene). It was shown that the liquid-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons is inhibited in the presence of humic acids. The hydrocarbon oxidation rate depends on the humic acid concentration. Owing to pronounced inhibitory properties, humic acids can be considered as promising natural antioxidants for biomedical and technical (antioxidants for liquid fuels and oils) applications.