气相色谱-四极杆高分辨飞行时间质谱分析复杂芳烃体系中的苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙酮与苯乙醛

建立了气相色谱-四极杆高分辨飞行时间串联质谱分析复杂芳烃体系样品中苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙酮与苯乙醛的方法。该方法通过使用高分辨质谱得到目标化合物特征离子的精确质量数,结合色谱保留时间,有效排除了复杂芳烃体系样品本底中碎片离子的干扰,提高了定性与定量分析的准确性。使用目标化合物特征离子的质谱峰面积作为定量计算依据。苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙酮与苯乙醛在各自的质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性响应,回收率为87.97%~103.01%,定量限分别为0.04、0.10、0.08与0.03 mg/L,检出限分别为0.01、0.03、0.02与0.01 mg/L。对3份实际样品中的苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙酮与苯乙醛进行了定量分析。本研究为气相色谱-四极杆高分辨飞行时间质谱技术应用于复杂体系中的微量杂质分析提供了一种新的思路和手段。通过精确的质量分辨和测定可以降低对色谱分离的依赖,弥补传统气相色谱-四极杆低分辨质谱技术的不足。     

圆柱电极激光触发开关击穿前的模拟计算

在加入SF6气体与电子的碰撞反应截面后,利用基于PIC-MCC方法的XOOPIC程序,对天光Ⅰ号激光装置预放大器上的圆柱电极激光触发开关进行击穿前流柱形成过程的模拟计算。详述了模拟条件的选择及激光触发条件的等效,并给出了模拟结果。模拟结果表明,在弧道初始半径约为250μm的条件下,经过0.15 ns后正离子到达阴极,开关导通。因此验证了通过PIC-MCC方法模拟,可以为开关弧道的电阻的动态变化的电路模拟给出初始条件,使之能够更为准确的预测开关的导通行为,为开关设计提供了一个新的工具。     

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Expansion Using Single Photons

In this paper we propose two quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） protocols with authentication. The authentication key expansion method is introduced to improve the life of the keys with security. In the first scheme, the third party, called Trent is introduced to authenticate the users that participate in the communication. He sends the polarized photons in blocks to authenticate communication parties Alice and Bob using the authentication keys. In the communication process, polarized single photons are used to serve as the carriers, which transmit the secret messages directly. The second QSDC process with authentication between two parties is also discussed.     

Electrochemical Detection of Droplets in Microfluidic Devices: Simultaneous Determination of Velocity,Size and Content

Microfluidic devices were designed to electrochemically detect in a two‐phase flow the velocity, size and content of aqueous droplets containing redox species. The principle of these determinations is based on the analysis of a unique chronoamperometric response recorded during the passage of a droplet over channel microelectrodes. Two configurations of electrochemical cell with different geometries were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Velocity and size of droplets, as well as internal recirculating convection within droplets, were evaluated from chronoamperometric curves by specific transition times depending on the cell configuration. In addition, the droplet content was probed from the Faradaic current controlled by mass transport and by internal hydrodynamic regime. For droplet velocity and size, experimental data were systematically compared to optical measurements. All the results demonstrated the high performance of the electrochemical detection reached under these conditions. They successfully validate the concept of self‐consistent electrochemical detections of aqueous droplets within microchannels for the simultaneous determination of their velocity, size and content.     

A Versatile Metalloporphyrinic Framework Platform for Highly Efficient Bioinspired,Photo‐ and Asymmetric Catalysis

Even though numerous bioinspired catalysts have been developed, there remain huge gaps between the artificial and natural catalysts, because it is very difficult to imitate simultaneously the complicated constituents, structures, and synergistic effect of enzymes. We report herein a versatile metalloporphyrinic framework platform, which exhibits high efficiency in bioinspired catalysis, photocatalysis, and asymmetric catalysis. The catalytic properties are highly dependent on the tunable constituents and their cooperation, and are significantly superior to the corresponding molecular catalyst systems which lack the synergistic effects. Since there are numerous functional moieties that can readily be incorporated into the metalloporphyrinic framework platform, a myriad of applications can be simply realized by embedding different functional moieties.     

Safe,Low‐Cost,Fast‐Kinetics and Low‐Strain Inorganic‐Open‐Framework Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

A key challenge for potassium‐ion batteries is to explore low‐cost electrode materials that allow fast and reversible insertion of large‐ionic‐size K⁺. Here, we report an inorganic‐open‐framework anode (KTiOPO₄), which achieves a reversible capacity of up to 102 mAh g^?1 (307 mAh cm^?3), flat voltage plateaus at a safe average potential of 0.82 V (vs. K/K⁺), a long lifespan of over 200 cycles, and K⁺‐transport kinetics ≈10 times faster than those of Na‐superionic conductors. Combined experimental analysis and first‐principles calculations reveal a charge storage mechanism involving biphasic and solid solution reactions and a cell volume change (9.5 %) even smaller than that for Li⁺‐insertion into graphite (≈10 %). KTiOPO₄ exhibits quasi‐3D lattice expansion on K⁺ intercalation, enabling the disintegration of small lattice strain and thus high structural stability. The inorganic open‐frameworks may open a new avenue for exploring low‐cost, stable and fast‐kinetic battery chemistry.     

Total Syntheses of (+)‐Sarcophytin, (+)‐Chatancin, (−)‐3‐Oxochatancin,and (−)‐Pavidolide B: A Divergent Approach

A concise and divergent approach for the total syntheses of four cembrane diterpenoids, namely (+)‐sarcophytin, (+)‐chatancin, (?)‐3‐oxochatancin, and (?)‐pavidolide B, has been developed, and it also led to the structural revision of (?)‐isosarcophytin. The key steps of the strategy feature a double Mukaiyama Michael addition/elimination, a Helquist annulation, two substrate‐controlled facial‐selective hydrations, and a pinacol rearrangement. The described syntheses not only achieved these natural products in an efficient manner, but also provided insight into the biosynthetic relationship between the two different skeletons.     

Design of Multi-Metallic-Based Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Water Oxidation

Electrochemical water splitting by renewable energy resources is an efficient and green approach for hydrogen gas production. However, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) largely impedes the industrial application due to its sluggish four-electron-transition kinetics. Although various materials have been developed to accelerate the OER rate, still some issues should be addressed to meet the industrial demand: (i) considerable 200–300 mV overpotential as extra onset energy input, (ii) limited survival and performance in acidic electrolyte for the majority of oxide/hydroxide composite materials, (iii) unsatisfying long-term durability and (iv) the need for facile and scalable preparation methods. Here, we emphasize on multi-metallic composites with enhanced OER activity based on both precious and nonprecious elements that outperform the unary and binary composites. The regulation effect from multi-metal incorporation is also summarized systematically: (i) introducing foreign metal atoms to the host material boosts the physical properties such as conductivity, surface area, defect density, morphology, wettability, etc., (ii) metal doping can synergistically regulate the electronic features of the host material, e. g. oxygen vacancy, e_g orbit filling, coordinative number and covalence state, which can optimize the absorption/desorption energy of the M−O intermediate, (iii) chaotic impact from the added atoms twists the catalyst lattice into a more aggressive and higher energy state, which is more feasible to transform to an active intermediate with lower required energy supply. This review aims to provide a practical approach to further improve the OER performance via multi-metallic-based catalysts.     

Enhancing the accuracy of measurement of small molecule organic biomarkers

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - Over two decades, the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM)...     

利用反射光谱研究砂岩风化与排氮作用——以江西龙虎山为例

近期,《Nature》、《Science》等世界顶级期刊揭示了地表岩石与全球氮循环的相互作用,认为岩石是氮素的重要储库,其风化排氮是生态系统氮素的主要来源之一,对局部乃至全球氮循环具有重大影响。陆地地表岩石分布面积75%是沉积岩,丹霞地貌是受沉积岩风化侵蚀作用形成的重要地貌类型之一,研究丹霞地貌沉积岩的风化与排氮作用对深入了解全球氮循环过程具有重要意义。以江西龙虎山丹霞地貌出露的红色砂岩为研究对象,在系统的野外样品采集工作基础上,利用偏光显微镜、ASD光谱仪和碳氮分析仪对样品的矿物组成、光谱曲线和氮素含量进行鉴定和测量。结果表明：龙虎山砂岩主要为长石砂岩,颗粒矿物为长石和石英,胶结物以铁质、钙质为主,次为泥质;砂岩的化学风化类型主要有胶结物溶蚀和颗粒矿物水化两种,其中胶结物溶蚀以铁质溶蚀为主,溶蚀后岩石的光谱曲线在902 nm处（Fe3+的特征吸收波段）的吸收指数下降,而颗粒矿物水化则主要体现为长石向粘土矿物转变,水化后岩石的光谱曲线在2 210 nm处（粘土Al-OH的特征吸收波段）的吸收指数上升。针对同一件样品,已被化学风化的部分与未被风化的部分相比,其氮元素含量有所下降,且氮元素含量与2 210 nm处的吸收指数存在一定的负相关系（R2=0.802 6）,说明岩石风化有助于氮排放;针对不同样品,氮元素含量与2 210 nm处的吸收指数相关性很差（R2=0.025 6）,说明岩石矿物组成与结构差异对岩石初始氮含量和吸收指数产生影响,从而降低两者间的相关性。以上研究说明,反射光谱为砂岩风化程度检测与氮排放研究提供了一种重要的技术手段,但研究时必须注意岩性的一致性。