2d-CUSUM for the detection of tendencies inherent in noisy bivariate data

Noisy analytical data dependent on 2 different variables (bivariate data) can be evaluated by an extended (2-dimensional) CUSUM-algorithm. Even at very high random fluctuations this 2d-CUSUM allows to detect long-term instationarities even from short series of measurements. The model of 2d-CUSUM as well as examples (distribution analysis, time-series analysis, treatment of calibration functions) are shown in this paper.Dedicated to Professor Dr. R. Geyer (Naumburg/Saale) on the occasion of his 80th birthday on April 14, 1994     

Ein einfaches Verfahren zur infrarotspektrographischen Untersuchung von Mikrogramm-Mengen

Zusammenfassung Ein einfaches Verfahren zur reflexionsspektroskopischen Untersuchung von Mikrogramm-Mengen im Infrarotbereich wird beschrieben. Bei den verwandten Spiegeln ist ein sicheres Einengen der Lösungen, welche die zu untersuchenden Substanzen enthalten, möglich, ohne daß diese den Rand der spiegelnden Flächen überkriechen. Präparationsmethoden, die zur Herstellung eines gleichmäßigen Films der zu untersuchenden Substanzen auf dem Spiegel führen, werden angegeben. Mengen ab etwa 1 g können auf einem Spiegel mit 3 mm Durchmesser untersucht werden. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Präparation beträgt für 10 g ungefähr 15–30%.

---

Summary A simple method for the investigation of microgram amounts by infrared reflection spectroscopy is proposed. Special mirrors are described by means of which the solutions, that are to be investigated, can be evaporated quite easily without losses. Samples of at least 1 g can be measured.

---

---

Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Strassmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Gold

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Verfolgung von Phasenreaktionen in Flüssigkeiten

For a great number of processes of technical importance (separation precipitating, adsorption and chemical conversion) an indication of progress of reaction without any temporal delay and gap is required with regard to process optimation. Beside and in addition to thermal analyses and optical methods electrical methods can be used, which depend on measuring of those electric properties, which are connected with each change of phases of the material under test. By use of potentials of medium or high frequency the cell of reaction is free of test probes. This is especially favourable for investigations of such mixtures of phases, in which the surfaces of electrodes would be changed irreversible by sedimentation or separation of phase. In this way the following reactions were studied: precipitation processes in supersaturated aqueous solutions, solution of crystals of potassium chloride, adsorption of alkali solution by ground quartz, sedimentation of mineral substances, separation processes of the system phenol-water and transformation of high polymers.     

Correlation energy extrapolation by intrinsic scaling. III. Compact wave functions

The information gained in the context of extrapolating the correlation energy by intrinsic scaling is used to shorten the full configurational expansions of electronic wave function without compromising their chemical accuracy. The truncations are accomplished by judiciously limiting the participation of the ranges of predetermined approximate sets of natural orbitals in the various excitation categories.     

Studies on indian medicinal plants-XLIV: Solanoforthine,a new steroidal alkaloid from solanum seaforthianum. a note on the mass spectrum of solanocapsine

The structure of solanoforthine, m.p. 208–10°, [α]_D- 26.6°, a new steroidal alkaloid isolated from Solanum seaforthianum Andr., has been established as 3β-amino-22,26-epimino-16α,23-epoxy-22αH,25βH-cholest- 5- en -23β - ol 3, based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence and by its reduction to solanocapsine 2, another steroidal alkaloid encountered in the same species. The mass spectra of2 and 3 are discussed.