Influence of chromium modification on the properties of MnOx-FeOx catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

Catalytic properties of MnOx -FeOx complex oxide (hereafter denoted as Mn-Fe) catalysts modified with different loadings of chromium oxide were investigated by using the combination of physico-chemical techniques, such as N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FT-IR) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and their catalytic activities were evaluated with the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 . It was found that with the addition of Cr, more NO could be removed in the low-temperature window (below 120℃). Among the tested catalysts, Mn-Fe-Cr (2 : 2 : 1) catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance at 80℃ with the NO conversion higher than 90%. The combination of the reaction and characterization results indicated that (1) the strong interaction among tertiary metal oxides existed in the catalysts when Cr was appropriately added, which made the active components better dispersed with less agglomeration and sintering and the largest BET specific surface area could be obtained; (2) Cr improved the low-temperature reducibility of the catalyst and promoted the formation of the active intermediate (-NH+3 ), which favored the low-temperature SCR reaction.     

New series of odd non-congruent numbers

We determine all square-free odd positive integers n such that the 2-Selmer groups S _n and Ŝ _n of the elliptic curve E _n : y ² = x(x − n)(x − 2n) and its dual curve ê _n : y ² = x ³ + 6nx ² + n ² x have the smallest size: S _n = {1}, Ŝ _n = {1, 2, n, 2n}. It is well known that for such integer n, the rank of group E _n (ℚ) of the rational points on E _n is zero so that n is a non-congruent number. In this way we obtain many new series of elliptic curves E _n with rank zero and such series of integers n are non-congruent numbers. Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday     

Multifunctional TiO2‐Based Particles: The Effect of Fluorination Degree and Liquid Surface Tension on Wetting Behavior

A systematic investigation into the influence of the degree of fluorination on the static and dynamic wetting behavior of TiO₂‐based nanobelt (TNB) particles with various liquids is described. The effect of the degree of fluorination and the surface tension of the liquid on the occurrence and stability of liquid marbles, foams or dispersions are studied and the wetting behavior and arrangement of particles at the air–liquid surface are observed. Using contact angle (θ) measurements, the relation between the type of particle‐stabilized material and θ is established. For liquids of relatively high tension like water or formamide which do not wet the fluorinated particles, a powder‐like material (marble) is formed. For polar oils of intermediate tension (35–50 mN m^?1), which partially wet the fluorinated particles, stable air‐in‐oil foams can be prepared in which particles form a close‐packed layer enveloping air bubbles. Liquids of relatively low tension, e.g., ethanol or polydimethylsiloxane, wet the particles forming a uniform dispersion and partial sedimentation. By contrast, the as‐prepared hydrophilic TNB particles are rapidly wetted by all the liquids as expected due to their high surface energy. The stable cross‐stacked TNB particles with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) modification could be a versatile platform in a wide range of applications, especially for fluidic devices (e.g., biofluids, gas sensing, and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices). In a proof‐of‐concept study, the oil–water separation performance of fabrics with chemically stable TNB/FAS coating and the liquid isolation by a TNB/FAS shell for highly sensitive gas sensing or reagent assays are investigated.     

电流变液中的电导率问题

直汉电场中电导率的微小变化会影响电流变效应是一个显见的事实，但长期以来，在电流变机理的研究中却被忽略。文章介绍近年来电流变液中的电导率问题研究的若干重要进展，包括经典点偶极子模型在直流电场中的改进、负电流变效应和电流变液的电导模型。     

Improved GFP gene transfection mediated by polyamidoamine dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high biocompatibility

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) hybrid was prepared by covalent linkage approach, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrometry. The PAMAM dendrimers were present on the surface of MWCNTs in high density, and the MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid exhibited good dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution. The interaction between MWCNT-PAMAM with plasmid DNA of enhanced green fluorescence protein (pEGFP-N1), intracellular trafficking of the hybrid, transfection performance and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were evaluated in detail. We found that the MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid possessed good pEGFP-N1 immobilization ability and could efficiently delivery GFP gene into cultured HeLa cells. The surface modification of MWCNTs with PAMAM improved the transfection efficiency 2.4 and 0.9 times, and simultaneously decreased cytotoxicity by about 38%, as compared with mixed acid-treated MWCNTs and pure PAMAM dendrimers. The MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid can be considered as a new carrier for the delivery of biomolecules into mammalian cells. Therefore, this novel system may have good potential applications in biology and therapy, including gene delivery systems.     

Finite depth Stokes’ first problem of thixotropic fluid

This paper presents a study of the finite depth Stokes' first problem for a thixotropic layer. The yield behavior of the thixotropic fluid in this problem is investigated for the first time. The main physical features of this problem are discussed, including the flow field, the wall stress, and the depth of the yield region. It is shown that the yield region appears near the wall, and the yield surface moves from the wall into the flow region and moves back to the wall finally. In contrast to the solution of the Newtonian fluid,the velocity of the thixotropic layer generally does not increase with time monotonously during the start-up process. The classical solution of the Newtonian fluid can be recovered from our results in extreme cases.     

关于刚体的基本运动

文中介绍了恰斯尔定理和位移定理及两个定理的证明,最后得出刚体的一般运动都可看成是平动和定轴转动的合成运动的结论．这对于理解和处理刚体的运动是有益的．     

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针对多孔介质网状纤维的渗流和生物体内组织液流动等问题，研究多孔介质中圆柱 方形阵列的低$Re$流动，以及流动所导致的圆柱表面的剪切应力. 鉴于迄今为止的研究均限于 圆柱实体模型的情况，重点分析将圆柱实体模型推广到可渗透时所导致的流动特性和表 面剪切应力的变化. 可渗透圆柱及圆柱阵列之间的间隙物使用具有不同渗透率的多孔介质模 型，基于Brinkman方程，配以适当的边界条件，采用有限体积法进行数值求解. 计算结果表 明，圆柱的渗透特性改变了流场的流动特性，显著减小了流动在圆柱表面所产生的剪切应力， 改变了阵列的渗透性.     

电流变液滑动轴承的数值研究

基于油膜内屈服面位置可能出现的4种情况，Tichy提出了用于Bingham流体滑动轴承特性及其屈服面位置的计算方法，在将该计算方法推广到电流变液滑动轴承的计算时，发现随着外加电场强度的变形，出现了轴承风屈服面位置不变的非物理结果，而且Tichy的方法只能适用于无限宽滑动轴承，为了对有限宽度的电流变液滑动轴承进行数值研究，采用了类Bingham模型，通过差分离散和超松驰迭代的方法对雷诺方程进行求解，计算结果表明：电流变流滑动轴承内的压力分布可以通过外加电场强度来控制，轴承间隙内屈服面位置随电场强度变化而产生的移动是使轴承润滑性能得以改变的重要力学机制；在轴承以高剪切速率运转时，由于电流变液表观黏度随电场强度的变化已经很小，该机制在轴承的设计中尤为重要。