Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of carbanions—VI. Cumyl-, α-methylbenzyl- and benzyl carbanions

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the three title carbanions have been observed in THF with potassium as a counter ion. The ortho-protons in the α-methylbenzyl carbanion are nonequivalent at room temperature. This shows that the α-carbon in this carbanion is in the near-sp² configuration. The aromatic proton chemical shifts of the benzylpotassium obtained here are at higher shielding than those of benzyllithium reported previously by Sandel and Freedman. This seems to arise from the different ionic nature of the bonds between carbon and metal in the carbanions.     

Observation of the Fano-Kondo antiresonance in a quantum wire with a side-coupled quantum dot

We have observed the Fano-Kondo antiresonance in a quantum wire with a side-coupled quantum dot. In a weak coupling regime, dips due to the Fano effect appeared. As the coupling strength increased, conductance in the regions between the dips decreased alternately. From the temperature dependence and the response to the magnetic field, we conclude that the conductance reduction is due to the Fano-Kondo antiresonance. At a Kondo valley with the Fano parameter q approximately 0, the phase shift is locked to pi/2 against the gate voltage when the system is close to the unitary limit in agreement with theoretical predictions by Gerland et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3710 (2000)].     

Probing the largest scale structure in the universe with polarization map of galaxy clusters

We introduce a new formalism to describe the polarization signal of galaxy clusters on the whole sky. We show that a sparsely sampled, half-sky map of the cluster polarization at z approximately 1 would allow us to better characterize the very large scale density fluctuations. While the horizon length is smaller in the past, two other competing effects significantly remove the contribution of the small scale fluctuations from the quadrupole polarization pattern at z approximately 1. For the standard LambdaCDM universe with vanishing tensor mode, the quadrupole moment of the temperature anisotropy at z = 0 is expected to have an approximately 32% contribution from fluctuations on scales below 6.3 h(-1) Gpc. This percentage would be reduced to approximately 2% level for the quadrupole moment of polarization pattern at z approximately 1. A cluster polarization would shed light on the potentially anomalous features of the largest scale fluctuations.     

Observation of "partial coherence" in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with a quantum dot

We report experiments on the interference through spin states of electrons in a quantum dot (QD) embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer. We have picked up a spin-pair state, for which the environmental conditions are ideally similar. The AB amplitude is traced in a range of gate voltage that covers the pair. The behavior of the asymmetry in the amplitude around the two Coulomb peaks agrees with the theoretical prediction that the spin-flip process in a QD is related to the quantum dephasing of electrons. These results constitute evidence of "partial coherence" due to an entanglement of spins in the QD and in the interferometer.     

Luminescence channels of manganese-doped spinel

Two independent luminescence channels are observed from manganese-doped spinel Mn:MgAl₂O₄. The luminescence around 520 nm is assigned to transition from the lowest electronic excited state ⁴T₁ to the ground state ⁶A₁ of Mn²⁺ (3d)⁵ ion by analyzing the excitation spectrum and electron spin resonance measurement. The emission at 650 nm is triggered by the band edge excitation and is assigned similarly to the charge-transfer process associated with the manganese ion.     

Direct observation of chiral susceptibility in the canonical spin glass AuFe

The extraordinary Hall resistivity rho(xy) and the magnetization M of a canonical spin glass AuFe (8 at.% Fe) were measured simultaneously as functions of temperature with the best care to the thermal and the magnetic field hysteresis. The data of rho(xy) show an anomaly at the spin glass transition temperature T(g) and have different zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) measurements below T(g). Moreover, the value of rho(xy)/M, which represents the chiral susceptibility of the system in the present case, also shows the difference between ZFC and FC measurements. The results are consistent with the predictions of the chirality scenario of canonical spin glasses by Kawamura.     

Nonlinear whispering-gallery modes in a microellipse cavity

We study theoretically the effect of deformed microelliptical cavities on lasing characteristics. We show that the transition of stationary lasing states from unidirectional rotational waves to a mixture of clockwise and anticlockwise rotational waves occurs when the shape of a disk is deformed to that of an ellipse.